Sharma Lav, Marques Guilhermina
CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000⁻801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Pathogens. 2018 Nov 28;7(4):93. doi: 10.3390/pathogens7040093.
The species has diverse ecological functions ranging from saprophytes, endophytes, and animal and plant pathogens. Occasionally, they are isolated from dead and alive insects. However, research on fusaria-insect associations is very limited as fusaria are generalized as opportunistic insect-pathogens. Additionally, their phytopathogenicity raises concerns in their use as commercial biopesticides. Insect biocontrol potential of is favored by their excellent soil survivability as saprophytes, and sometimes, insect-pathogenic strains do not exhibit phytopathogenicity. In addition, a small group of fusaria, those belonging to the species complex, act as insect mutualists assisting in host growth and fecundity. In this review, we summarize mutualism and pathogenicity among fusaria and insects. Furthermore, we assert on entomopathogenicity by analyzing previous studies clearly demonstrating their natural insect-pathogenicity in fields, and their presence in soils. We also review the presence and/or production of a well-known insecticidal metabolite beauvericin by different species. Lastly, some proof-of-concept studies are also summarized, which demonstrate the histological as well as immunological changes that a larva undergoes during pathogenesis. These reports highlight the insecticidal properties of some spp., and emphasize the need of robust techniques, which can distinguish phytopathogenic, mutualistic and entomopathogenic fusaria.
该物种具有多种生态功能，包括腐生菌、内生菌以及动植物病原体。偶尔，它们也能从死活昆虫中分离得到。然而，关于镰刀菌与昆虫关联的研究非常有限，因为镰刀菌通常被视为机会性昆虫病原体。此外，它们的植物致病性也引发了人们对其作为商业生物杀虫剂使用的担忧。镰刀菌作为腐生菌具有出色的土壤生存能力，这有利于其昆虫生物防治潜力，而且有时昆虫致病菌株并不表现出植物致病性。此外，一小部分镰刀菌，即属于某物种复合体的那些，作为昆虫共生体，协助宿主生长和繁殖。在本综述中，我们总结了镰刀菌与昆虫之间的共生关系和致病性。此外，我们通过分析先前的研究来明确其在田间的天然昆虫致病性及其在土壤中的存在情况，从而确定其昆虫致病性。我们还综述了不同物种中著名杀虫代谢产物白僵菌素的存在和/或产生情况。最后总结了一些概念验证研究，这些研究展示了幼虫在发病过程中所经历的组织学以及免疫学变化。这些报告突出了某些镰刀菌属物种的杀虫特性，并强调了需要有强大的技术来区分植物致病性、共生性和昆虫致病性镰刀菌。
