Melbourne School of Psychological Science.
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2019 Sep;148(9):1538-1556. doi: 10.1037/xge0000516. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Evidence suggests that extraverted (i.e., bold, agentic) behavior increases positive affect (PA), and could be targeted in wellbeing interventions. However, this evidence is either causally ambiguous or has questionable ecological validity, and the potential costs of sustained extraverted behavior have received minimal attention. To address these limitations, we conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the wellbeing benefits and costs of an extraverted behavior intervention conducted in everyday life. Participants ( = 147) were randomly assigned to an "act-extraverted" intervention or a "sham" (active control) intervention for 1 week in everyday life. Additional data for a contact control condition were obtained from a previous study ( = 76). Wellbeing outcomes included PA and negative affect (NA), feelings of authenticity, and tiredness-assessed both in the moment and retrospectively. There was a positive overall effect of the acting extraverted intervention on PA and authenticity. However, wellbeing outcomes also depended on dispositional extraversion: more introverted participants had weaker PA increases, experienced increased NA and tiredness, and decreased feelings of authenticity. Implications for wellbeing interventions and personality theory are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
有证据表明，外向型（即大胆、有主见）的行为会增加积极情绪（PA），并可能成为幸福感干预的目标。然而，这些证据要么因果关系不明确，要么存在质疑的生态效度，而且持续的外向行为的潜在成本几乎没有得到关注。为了解决这些局限性，我们进行了一项随机对照试验，研究了在日常生活中进行的外向行为干预对幸福感的益处和成本。参与者（n=147）被随机分配到为期一周的“积极外向”干预组或“假”（主动对照组）干预组。来自先前一项研究的附加数据（n=76）用于联系对照组。幸福感的结果包括 PA 和负性情绪（NA）、真实性的感觉，以及即时和事后评估的疲倦感。积极的外向行为干预对 PA 和真实性有积极的总体影响。然而，幸福感的结果也取决于外向的性格：性格较内向的参与者 PA 增加较弱，NA 和疲倦感增加，真实性的感觉降低。讨论了对幸福感干预和人格理论的影响。（APA，2019）
