a Department of Psychology , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN , USA.
b Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
Memory. 2019 May;27(5):647-659. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1550093. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Six studies explored the preponderance of people who experience third-person perspective observer memories during autobiographical memory retrieval. The concept of first-person field versus observer memories has been extensively used in the areas of cognitive, social, and clinical psychology. An implicit assumption is the idea that most people use both of these perspectives. What varies are the circumstances that bias people to use one perspective over another for a given autobiographical memory. We challenge that assumption across six studies by showing that, while there are some people who report to regularly have observer memories, there are also those that report to rarely or never have them. These reports were found to be related to levels of reported dissociative experiences. We discuss how this difference in the experience of observer memories may also reflect other innate characteristics, and may correspond to predispositions for various pathologies, including depression, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
六项研究探讨了在自传体记忆检索中经历第三人称视角观察记忆的人的优势。第一人称场和观察者记忆的概念在认知、社会和临床心理学领域得到了广泛的应用。一个隐含的假设是,大多数人都同时使用这两种视角。不同的是,在给定的自传体记忆中,是什么因素使人们偏向于使用一种视角而不是另一种视角。我们通过六项研究挑战了这一假设,研究表明,虽然有些人报告经常有观察记忆,但也有些人报告很少或从未有过观察记忆。这些报告与报告的分离体验水平有关。我们讨论了这种观察记忆体验的差异如何也可能反映其他内在特征,并可能与各种病理学倾向相对应,包括抑郁症、社交恐惧症和创伤后应激障碍。