Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Str. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Mar;169:607-614. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.070. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Chemical contaminants present in cellulose production waste and municipal sewage sludge condition the necessity to treat these wastes before they are introduced into the environment. Environmental use of the these wastes appears to be justified owing to the content of organic substances as well as the considerable fertilising value. The aim of the study was to assess chemical composition and ecotoxicity of cellulose production waste and municipal sewage sludge in terms of their eco-friendly application. The assessment was done based on the established soil environment according to regulations in Poland. The research on the chemical composition of the wastes was conducted under laboratory conditions, determining the content of macroelements, microelements and heavy metals with respect to using these wastes in the environment. Phytotoxkit and Microtox tests were performed in order to determine the ecotoxicity of the wastes in the aspect of their environmental use. It was established that, compared to the cellulose production waste, the municipal sewage sludge used in the incubation experiment had a higher content of macroelements and microelements. The content of heavy metals in the waste did not exceed the permissible content that conditions their use in agriculture and reclamation. Based on the results of bioassays it was established that the cellulose production waste was toxic, whereas the combination of cellulose production waste and sewage sludge was found to be of low toxicity to test organisms. The applied wastes and their mixtures were ranked according to phytotoxicity in the following order: cellulose production waste > cellulose production waste + soil > cellulose production waste + sewage sludge. The research results indicate that waste mixtures qualify for environmental use. With respect to the variable chemical composition of cellulose production waste and municipal sewage sludge as well as their ecotoxicity, it was established that each batch intended for environmental use must be subjected to chemical analysis and ecotoxicological tests.
纤维素生产废物和城市污水污泥中存在的化学污染物，使得在将这些废物引入环境之前必须对其进行处理。由于有机物质的含量以及相当大的肥料价值，这些废物的环境利用似乎是合理的。本研究的目的是评估纤维素生产废物和城市污水污泥的化学组成和生态毒性，以评估其环保应用。根据波兰的规定，根据既定的土壤环境进行了评估。在实验室条件下进行了废物的化学组成研究，测定了环境中使用这些废物时的大量元素、微量元素和重金属含量。为了确定废物在环境利用方面的生态毒性，进行了 Phytotoxkit 和 Microtox 测试。结果表明，与纤维素生产废物相比，在孵育实验中使用的城市污水污泥含有更高含量的大量元素和微量元素。废物中重金属的含量未超过允许的含量，这是其在农业和复垦中的使用条件。根据生物测定的结果，确定纤维素生产废物具有毒性，而纤维素生产废物和污水污泥的混合物对测试生物的毒性较低。根据其对植物的毒性，对应用废物及其混合物进行了以下排序：纤维素生产废物 > 纤维素生产废物+土壤 > 纤维素生产废物+污水污泥。研究结果表明，废物混合物符合环境使用的要求。考虑到纤维素生产废物和城市污水污泥的化学组成和生态毒性的可变性，必须对每批拟用于环境的废物进行化学分析和生态毒性测试。
