Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Nov 1;273:111176. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111176. Epub 2020 Aug 5.
In the study, an attempt was made to create innovative mixtures based on bottom sediment and various types of waste to be tested for use as a substrate in the cultivation of consumer and non-consumer plants. The aim of the study was to assess the chemical and ecotoxicological properties of the growing medium prepared on the basis of bottom sediment (BS) and different carbon rich waste (cellulose waste (CW), biomass ash (BA), coffee hulls (CH), and sludge from water treatment (SW)) with a combination of 75% bottom sediment and 25% waste material. The mixtures had deacidifying properties, significant content of total organic carbon (TOC), the total quantities of macro- and micronutrients, and good sorption properties. The study showed a low total content of heavy metals in the mixtures. Moreover, a low share of the mobile fraction (F1) of metals indicated a low risk related to the metals mobility and potential bioavailability. The highest toxic effect was found in the mixture of bottom sediment and cellulose waste. Heterocypris incongruens was the most sensitive organism to substances present in the tested mixtures. Due to its low toxicity, the mixture of bottom sediment and water treatment sludge (BS+SW) constituted a potentially suitable substrate for its environmental application in agriculture, horticulture (for consumer crops) or land reclamation. Other mixtures exhibited valuable chemical properties (BS + BA, BS + CH BS + CW), but ended up being eco-toxic to the organisms, excluding them from agricultural or horticultural use for consumer crops. The proposed technology, which includes the production of growing medium based on the use of bottom sediment, is a promising way of transforming the sediment from a waste material to a valuable resource, thus enhancing the environmental benefits.
在研究中，尝试基于底泥和各种类型的废物创建创新混合物，以测试其作为消费者和非消费者植物栽培基质的用途。本研究的目的是评估基于底泥（BS）和不同富碳废物（纤维素废物（CW）、生物质灰（BA）、咖啡壳（CH）和水处理污泥（SW））的生长介质的化学和生态毒理学特性，将 75%的底泥和 25%的废物材料进行组合。混合物具有脱酸性能、总有机碳（TOC）含量高、大量和微量元素总量高以及良好的吸附性能。研究表明混合物中的重金属总含量较低。此外，金属的可移动部分（F1）含量较低表明与金属迁移性和潜在生物利用度相关的风险较低。底泥和纤维素废物混合物的毒性作用最高。异形蜉蝣是对测试混合物中存在的物质最敏感的生物体。由于其低毒性，底泥和水处理污泥混合物（BS+SW）构成了在农业、园艺（用于消费作物）或土地复垦中环境应用的潜在合适基质。其他混合物表现出有价值的化学特性（BS+BA、BS+CH、BS+CW），但对生物体具有生态毒性，将它们排除在消费作物的农业或园艺用途之外。所提出的技术包括利用底泥生产生长介质，是将底泥从废物转化为有价值资源的一种有前途的方法，从而增强了环境效益。
