Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Afghanistan.
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan.
Chemosphere. 2019 Mar;218:517-526. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.087. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in road and aerial dust to assess their concentration, composition profile, distribution, emission sources, and potential human health risks. Sixteen priority PAHs and Benzo [e]pyrene (BeP) were analyzed in 13 aerial dust samples from Jalalabad, and 78 road dust samples from Kabul and Jalalabad cities, Afghanistan. The mean concentration of ∑17PAHs in road dust from Kabul and Jalalabad were 427 μg kg and 288 μg kg, respectively whereas ∑17PAHs in aerial dust from Jalalabad averaged 200 μg kg. Fluoranthene (Flu), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo [b]fluoranthene (BbF), Benzo [k]fluoranthene (BkF) and BeP were major individual PAH species. The composition patterns of the PAHs were dominated by 5-6-ring PAHs (51% in road dust from Kabul; 44% in road dust from Jalalabad; and 44% in aerial dust) followed by 4-ring and 2-3-ring PAHs. Source apportionment of the road dust PAHs by the molecular diagnostic ratios (MDR) and principal component analysis (PCA), indicated signatures of PAHs sources (including vehicular exhaust, coal/wood combustion and oil spill). The Benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalent values (BaP17PAHs) for road dust were 75 μg kg (Kabul) and 36 μg kg (Jalalabad); and 35 μg kg for aerial dust (Jalalabad). BaP and Dibenz [a,h]anthracene (DahA) together contributed > 50% of the BaP associated cancer risk. All incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to human exposure to road and aerial dust PAHs were in the order of 10, which is one-fold lower than the threshold (10). The noncancerous risk (Hazard Index < 1) on exposure to dust was also negligible for both subpopulations.
多环芳烃 (PAHs) 已在道路和空气尘埃中进行了分析，以评估其浓度、成分分布、排放源以及对人体健康的潜在风险。本研究在阿富汗贾拉拉巴德的 13 个空气尘埃样本和喀布尔和贾拉拉巴德的 78 个道路尘埃样本中分析了 16 种优先多环芳烃和苯并 [e] 芘 (BeP)。喀布尔和贾拉拉巴德道路尘埃中∑17PAHs 的平均值分别为 427μgkg 和 288μgkg，而贾拉拉巴德空气尘埃中∑17PAHs 的平均值为 200μgkg。荧蒽 (Flu)、屈 (Chr)、苯并 [b] 荧蒽 (BbF)、苯并 [k] 荧蒽 (BkF) 和 BeP 是主要的单个多环芳烃物种。多环芳烃的组成模式主要由 5-6 环多环芳烃组成 (喀布尔道路尘埃中占 51%；贾拉拉巴德道路尘埃中占 44%；空气尘埃中占 44%)，其次是 4 环和 2-3 环多环芳烃。通过分子诊断比值 (MDR) 和主成分分析 (PCA) 对道路尘埃中 PAHs 的来源分配表明，存在 PAHs 来源 (包括车辆排放、煤/木燃烧和溢油) 的特征。道路尘埃中苯并 [a] 芘 (BaP) 毒性等效值 (BaP17PAHs) 为 75μgkg (喀布尔)和 36μgkg (贾拉拉巴德)；空气尘埃中为 35μgkg (贾拉拉巴德)。BaP 和二苯并 [a,h] 蒽 (DahA) 共同贡献了 BaP 相关致癌风险的 >50%。由于人类接触道路和空气尘埃中的多环芳烃而导致的所有增量终生癌症风险 (ILCR) 均为 10，这比阈值 (10) 低一倍。对于两个亚群，由于接触尘埃而导致的非癌症风险 (危害指数 <1) 也可以忽略不计。
