Fujii R, Shinozaki T, Meguro H, Arimasu O, Yoshioka H, Fujita K, Sakata H, Maruyama S, Wagatsuma Y, Fukushima N
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University.
Jpn J Antibiot. 1988 Jul;41(7):841-53.
Twelve oral antimicrobial agents were tested for their antimicrobial activities against causative organisms isolated from pediatric infections. Activities of these antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pyogenes were also examined in relation to T-antigen typing of the species. The results of the investigation are summarized as follows. 1. Against Staphylococcus aureus, rokitamycin (RKM), josamycin, ofloxacin, minocycline exhibited strong antimicrobial activities, and few strains of S. aureus showed resistance to these antimicrobial agents. More strains exhibited resistance to erythromycin (EM) than to other macrolide antibiotics (MLs) examined. Amoxicillin (AMPC)-resistance was often observed also. 2. Against S. pyogenes, beta-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactams) and RKM had MIC80 of 0.20 microgram/ml or below, and no resistant strains of this organism were observed against these antibiotics. Only 2 resistant strains (2.0%) of S. pyogenes to MLs were detected, but resistance to tetracyclines (TCs) was observed at a high frequency, with 71.4% or more strains among T-4, T-6, T-12 and T-28 antigen types exhibited resistance to TCs. Among the 21 strains of T-12 antigen type examined, only one strain (4.8%) was found resistant to MLs. These observations suggested that the reduction in the frequency of ML-resistant strains was not due to the reduction in the number of T-12 antigen type strains but due to losses of resistance factors against MLs of plasmids. 3. Antibacterial activities of beta-lactams and MLs against Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were good, similarly to activities against S. pyogenes. But many strains of S. pneumoniae were resistant to TCs. 4. New quinolone antimicrobial agents (quinolones) showed excellent activities against Branhamella catarrhalis strains with EM and RKM showing the next best activities. The number of resistant strains against quinolones, however, seemed to be on an increase. 5. Quinolones had strong antimicrobial activities against Haemophilus influenzae, few strains of which showed resistance to quinolones. AMPC had the next best activity, but approximately 10% of H. influenzae exhibited resistance to this antibiotic. 6. Against Campylobacter spp., quinolones and MLs showed the best activities with MIC80 values at or below 0.25 microgram/ml, and no resistant strains of the species against these antimicrobial agents were observed. Fosfomycin and TCs showed somewhat inferior activities to quinolones and MLs, with beta-lactams showing still lower activities. 7. Only few strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis were examined, but MLs and TCs appeared to be effective against these organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
对12种口服抗菌剂进行了测试，以检测它们对从儿科感染中分离出的病原体的抗菌活性。还针对该菌种的T抗原分型，检测了这些抗菌剂对化脓性链球菌的活性。调查结果总结如下。1. 对金黄色葡萄球菌，罗他霉素（RKM）、交沙霉素、氧氟沙星、米诺环素表现出较强的抗菌活性，很少有金黄色葡萄球菌菌株对这些抗菌剂耐药。与其他所检测的大环内酯类抗生素（MLs）相比，更多菌株对红霉素（EM）耐药。阿莫西林（AMPC）耐药情况也经常出现。2. 对化脓性链球菌，β-内酰胺类抗生素（β-内酰胺）和RKM的MIC80为0.20微克/毫升或更低，未观察到该菌对这些抗生素的耐药菌株。仅检测到2株（2.0%）对MLs耐药的化脓性链球菌菌株，但对四环素类（TCs）耐药情况较为常见，T-4、T-6、T-12和T-28抗原型中71.4%或更多的菌株对TCs耐药。在所检测的21株T-12抗原型菌株中，仅1株（4.8%）对MLs耐药。这些观察结果表明，MLs耐药菌株频率的降低并非由于T-12抗原型菌株数量的减少，而是由于质粒上针对MLs耐药因子的缺失。3. β-内酰胺类和MLs对肺炎链球菌菌株的抗菌活性良好，与对化脓性链球菌的活性相似。但许多肺炎链球菌菌株对TCs耐药。4. 新型喹诺酮类抗菌剂（喹诺酮）对卡他莫拉菌菌株表现出优异的活性，EM和RKM的活性次之。然而，对喹诺酮耐药的菌株数量似乎在增加。5. 喹诺酮对流感嗜血杆菌具有较强的抗菌活性，很少有菌株对喹诺酮耐药。AMPC的活性次之，但约10%的流感嗜血杆菌对该抗生素耐药。6. 对弯曲杆菌属，喹诺酮和MLs表现出最佳活性，MIC80值在0.25微克/毫升或以下，未观察到该菌对这些抗菌剂的耐药菌株。磷霉素和TCs的活性略低于喹诺酮和MLs，β-内酰胺类活性更低。7. 仅检测了少数肺炎支原体和沙眼衣原体菌株，但MLs和TCs似乎对这些病原体有效。（摘要截于400字）
