Octylphenol (OP), a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), could produce adverse effects on developmental process of animals. Thyroid hormone is one of the important hormones involved in animal development. To determine whether OP affect the growth and development of amphibian larvae via interfering the thyroid function, Rana chensinensis larvae at Gosner stage 29 were exposed to 10, 10 and 10 mol/L OP in the present study. Results demonstrated that OP could decrease the body length and mass and retard the development of tadpoles. The histologic evaluation showed microscopic structures of thyroid gland were changed in 10 and 10 mol/L OP treated groups on day 40. The expression levels of Dio2, Dio3, TRα and TRβ mRNA in the liver, brain, skin and tail of tadpoles were detected by qRT-PCR, when treated with OP for 20, 30, 40 and 50 day, respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed OP could affect the expressions of Dio2, Dio3, TRα and TRβ mRNA in the four tissues, and then influence the activity and function of THs, further affecting the growth and development of the tadpoles.