重症监护病房患者家属的生活质量：一项纵向研究。
Quality of life in family caregivers of patients in the intensive care unit: A longitudinal study.
机构信息
Postoperative and Intensive Care and Department, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Norway, P. O. Box 4950 Nydalen N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Norway, P. O. Box 4950 Nydalen N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1078 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Norway, P. O. Box 4950 Nydalen N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing Science Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences Norway, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass N-0130 OSLO, Norway.
出版信息
Aust Crit Care. 2019 Nov;32(6):479-485. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2018.09.005. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
BACKGROUND
Family caregivers of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience impairments in the quality of life. Previous studies report that psychological quality of life improves over time, but there has been limited longitudinal research, and measurement points have differed. Factors such as age, gender, and posttraumatic stress symptoms have been found to be associated with the quality of life, but level of hope and its associations with the quality of life have not been investigated.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was (1) to evaluate changes in the quality of life in family caregivers during the first year after a patient's admission to the ICU and (2) to identify associations between patients' and family caregivers' background characteristics, posttraumatic stress symptoms, hope, and quality of life.
METHODS
A longitudinal study design with five measurement points was used. Family caregivers completed study questionnaires at enrolment into the study and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the patient's admission to the ICU. The quality of life was measured with the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey.
RESULTS
Family caregivers (N = 211) reported improved psychological quality of life during the first year after the patient's admission to the ICU, but it was still lower than the psychological quality of life reported in norm-based data. Being on sick leave, consulting healthcare professionals (e.g., general practitioner), and increased level of posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly associated with psychological quality of life, whereas hope was not. Reported physical quality of life was comparable to norm-based data.
CONCLUSION
Family caregivers of patients in the ICU reported impairments in quality of life during the first year after the patient's admission to the ICU. Being on sick leave, consulting healthcare professionals, and reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms may improve mental quality of life.
背景
重症监护病房（ICU）患者的家属的生活质量受损。先前的研究报告表明，心理生活质量会随着时间的推移而改善，但纵向研究有限，且测量点不同。年龄、性别和创伤后应激症状等因素与生活质量相关，但希望的水平及其与生活质量的关系尚未得到研究。
目的
本研究的目的是：（1）评估 ICU 患者入院后一年内家属生活质量的变化；（2）确定患者和家属的背景特征、创伤后应激症状、希望与生活质量之间的关系。
方法
采用五个测量点的纵向研究设计。家属在入组研究时和 ICU 患者入院后 1、3、6 和 12 个月时完成研究问卷。生活质量用 12 项简明健康调查问卷进行评估。
结果
家属（n=211）报告 ICU 患者入院后第一年心理生活质量有所改善，但仍低于基于常模数据的心理生活质量。请病假、咨询医疗保健专业人员（例如全科医生）和创伤后应激症状增加与心理生活质量显著相关，而希望则不然。报告的生理生活质量与基于常模的数据相当。
结论
ICU 患者的家属在患者入院后的第一年报告生活质量受损。请病假、咨询医疗保健专业人员和减少创伤后应激症状可能会改善心理健康。
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