Department of Biological Sciences, Darrin Fresh Water Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Dec 3;374(1764):20180019. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0019.
Anthropogenic activities such as mining, agriculture and industrial wastes have increased the rate of salinization of freshwater ecosystems around the world. Despite the known and probable consequences of freshwater salinization, few consequential regulatory standards and management procedures exist. Current regulations are generally inadequate because they are regionally inconsistent, lack legal consequences and have few ion-specific standards. The lack of ion-specific standards is problematic, because each anthropogenic source of freshwater salinization is associated with a distinct set of ions that can present unique social and economic costs. Additionally, the environmental and toxicological consequences of freshwater salinization are often dependent on the occurrence, concentration and ratios of specific ions. Therefore, to protect fresh waters from continued salinization, discrete, ion-specific management and regulatory strategies should be considered for each source of freshwater salinization, using data from standardized, ion-specific monitoring practices. To develop comprehensive monitoring, regulatory, and management guidelines, we recommend the use of co-adaptive, multi-stakeholder approaches that balance environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits associated with freshwater salinization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
人为活动，如采矿、农业和工业废物，已经增加了世界各地淡水生态系统盐化的速度。尽管已经知道并可能会出现淡水盐化的后果，但几乎没有相应的监管标准和管理程序。当前的法规通常是不够的，因为它们在区域上不一致，缺乏法律后果，并且很少有针对特定离子的标准。缺乏针对特定离子的标准是有问题的，因为淡水盐化的每个人为来源都与一组独特的离子有关，这些离子可能会带来独特的社会和经济成本。此外，淡水盐化的环境和毒理学后果通常取决于特定离子的存在、浓度和比例。因此，为了防止淡水继续盐化，应该针对每个淡水盐化来源，考虑采用离散的、针对特定离子的管理和监管策略，并利用来自标准化、针对特定离子的监测实践的数据。为了制定全面的监测、监管和管理指南，我们建议使用共同适应的、多利益相关方的方法，平衡与淡水盐化相关的环境、社会和经济成本和收益。本文是主题为“淡水中的盐分：成因、生态后果和未来展望”的一部分。
