Pediatrics. 2019 Jan;143(1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3348. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Play is essential to optimal child development because it contributes to the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children and youth. It also offers an ideal and significant opportunity for parents and other caregivers to engage fully with children using toys as an instrument of play and interaction. The evolution of societal perceptions of toys from children's playthings to critical facilitators of early brain and child development has challenged caregivers in deciding which toys are most appropriate for their children. This clinical report strives to provide pediatric health care providers with evidence-based information that can be used to support caregivers as they choose toys for their children. The report highlights the broad definition of a toy; consideration of potential benefits and possible harmful effects of toy choices on child development; and the promotion of positive caregiving and development when toys are used to engage caregivers in play-based interactions with their children that are rich in language, pretending, problem-solving, and creativity. The report aims to address the evolving replacement of more traditional toys with digital media-based virtual "toys" and the lack of evidence for similar benefits in child development. Furthermore, this report briefly addresses the role of toys in advertising and/or incentive programs and aims to bring awareness regarding safety and health hazards associated with toy availability and accessibility in public settings, including some health care settings.
游戏对于儿童的最佳发展至关重要,因为它有助于儿童和青少年的认知、身体、社会和情感健康。它还为父母和其他照顾者提供了一个理想而重要的机会,让他们使用玩具作为游戏和互动的工具,充分参与到孩子的活动中。社会对玩具的看法从儿童的玩物演变为促进早期大脑和儿童发展的重要工具,这使得照顾者在决定哪种玩具最适合自己的孩子时面临挑战。本临床报告旨在为儿科保健提供者提供基于证据的信息,以支持照顾者为孩子选择玩具。报告强调了玩具的广义定义;考虑了玩具选择对儿童发展的潜在益处和可能的有害影响;并提倡在使用玩具让照顾者与孩子进行富有语言、假装、解决问题和创造力的游戏互动时,采取积极的照顾和发展方式。本报告旨在解决越来越多的传统玩具被基于数字媒体的虚拟“玩具”取代的问题,以及缺乏类似的儿童发展益处的证据。此外,本报告还简要介绍了玩具在广告和/或奖励计划中的作用,并旨在提高人们对公共环境(包括一些医疗保健环境)中玩具的可用性和可及性所带来的安全和健康危害的认识。