空间技能的可塑性:架起发展心理学与玩具设计之间的桥梁,以实现愉悦的STEAM发展。

Malleability of spatial skills: bridging developmental psychology and toy design for joyful STEAM development.

作者信息

İleri Çiğdem İrem, Erşan Melisa, Kalaça Duru, Coşkun Aykut, Göksun Tilbe, Küntay Aylin C

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Department of Design and Technology, Parsons School of Design, The New School New York, NY, United States.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2023 Sep 12;14:1137003. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137003. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Previous research has established that advances in spatial cognition predict STEAM success, and construction toys provide ample opportunities to foster spatial cognition. Despite various construction toy designs in the market, mostly brick-shaped building blocks are used in spatial cognition research. This group of toys is known to enhance mental rotation; however, mental rotation is not the only way to comprehend the environment three-dimensionally. More specifically, mental folding and perspective taking training have not received enough attention as they can also be enhanced with the construction toys, which are framed based on the 2×2 classification of spatial skills (intrinsic-static, intrinsic-dynamic, extrinsic-static, extrinsic-dynamic). To address these gaps, we compile evidence from developmental psychology toy design fields to show the central role played by mental folding and perspective taking skills as well as the importance of the variety in toy designs. The review was conducted systematically by searching peer reviewed design and psychology journals and conference proceedings. We suggest that, over and above their physical properties, construction toys offer affordances to elicit spatial language, gesture, and narrative among child-caregiver dyads. These interactions are essential for the development of spatial skills in both children and their caregivers. As developmental psychology and toy design fields are two domains that can contribute to the purpose of developing construction toys to boost spatial skills, we put forward six recommendations to bridge the current gaps between these fields. Consequently, new toy designs and empirical evidence regarding malleability of different spatial skills can contribute to the informal STEAM development.

摘要

先前的研究已经证实,空间认知能力的提升预示着在科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学(STEAM)领域取得成功,而建构玩具为培养空间认知提供了丰富的机会。尽管市场上有各种各样的建构玩具设计,但在空间认知研究中大多使用的是砖形积木。众所周知,这类玩具能增强心理旋转能力;然而,心理旋转并不是三维理解环境的唯一方式。更具体地说,心理折叠和换位思考训练尚未得到足够的关注,因为建构玩具也可以增强这些能力,这些玩具是基于空间技能的2×2分类(内在静态、内在动态、外在静态、外在动态)设计的。为了填补这些空白,我们收集了发展心理学和玩具设计领域的证据,以展示心理折叠和换位思考技能所起的核心作用以及玩具设计多样性的重要性。我们通过搜索同行评审的设计和心理学期刊以及会议论文集系统地进行了这项综述。我们认为,除了其物理特性外,建构玩具还提供了契机,能在儿童与照顾者的二元组中引发空间语言、手势和叙述。这些互动对于儿童及其照顾者空间技能的发展至关重要。由于发展心理学和玩具设计领域是两个能够为开发建构玩具以提升空间技能这一目标做出贡献的领域,我们提出六项建议以弥合当前这两个领域之间的差距。因此,新的玩具设计以及关于不同空间技能可塑性的实证证据能够为非正式的STEAM发展做出贡献。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/addd/10523793/15458d79df18/fpsyg-14-1137003-g001.jpg

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