Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.
J Sleep Res. 2019 Apr;28(2):e12790. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12790. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
The aim of this study was to describe sleep patterns and rate of insomnia according to diagnostic criteria in college and university students, as well as to examine potential changes in sleep problems from 2010 to 2018. Data stemmed from a national student health survey from 2018 for higher education in Norway (the SHoT study), which invited all 162,512 fulltime students in Norway. A total of 50,054 students (69.1% women) aged 18-35 years were included, yielding a response rate of 30.8%. Sleep parameters, reported separately for weekdays and weekends, included calculations of bedtime, rise time, sleep duration, sleep-onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep need and sleep deficit. Insomnia was defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn) criteria. For the trend analysis, we used one item measuring difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep, over three time points (2010, 2014 and 2018). The results from 2018 showed large weekday-weekend differences across most sleep parameters. Both male and female students obtained a mean sleep duration in the lower end of the normal range on weekdays (7:24 hr), but met their own sleep need and sleep recommendations at weekends (8:25 hr). The overall prevalence of insomnia was 34.2% in women and 22.2% in men. There was a substantial increase in sleep problems from 2010 (22.6%) to 2018 (30.5%), which was especially pronounced in women. We conclude that sleep problems are both prevalent and increasing among students. This warrants attention as a public health problem in this population.
本研究旨在描述大学生中根据诊断标准的睡眠模式和失眠发生率，并探讨 2010 年至 2018 年睡眠问题的潜在变化。数据来源于 2018 年挪威高等教育全国学生健康调查（SHoT 研究），该研究邀请了挪威所有 162512 名全日制学生参加。共纳入了 50054 名 18-35 岁的学生（69.1%为女性），应答率为 30.8%。睡眠参数分别报告了工作日和周末的情况，包括计算上床时间、起床时间、睡眠时间、入睡潜伏期、睡眠后觉醒时间、睡眠需求和睡眠不足。失眠根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第 5 版）标准定义。对于趋势分析，我们使用了一项测量入睡和/或维持睡眠困难的项目，该项目在三个时间点（2010 年、2014 年和 2018 年）进行测量。2018 年的结果显示，大多数睡眠参数在工作日和周末之间存在较大差异。男性和女性学生在工作日的正常睡眠时间范围内都处于较低端（7:24 小时），但在周末满足了自己的睡眠需求和建议睡眠时间（8:25 小时）。女性的总体失眠患病率为 34.2%，男性为 22.2%。从 2010 年（22.6%）到 2018 年（30.5%），睡眠问题显著增加，女性更为明显。我们得出结论，学生中普遍存在且日益增多的睡眠问题值得关注，这是该人群中的一个公共卫生问题。
