Positivo University, , Nucleus of Biological Sciences and Health, Nutrition Course, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Brazil.
Federal University of Paraná, , Health Sciences Department, Department of Nutrition, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Brazil.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;34(2):264-271. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10223. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Recent studies have shown that commercial enteral formulas with low FODMAP (FO, fermentable oligosaccharides; D, disaccharides; M, monosaccharides; AP, and polyols) content decrease diarrhea of individuals receiving enteral nutrition therapy (ENT). There is no information, however, regarding the content of FODMAP in homemade enteral formula. The objective of this study was to assess energy and macronutrient content, and to quantify the amount of FODMAP content in homemade enteral formula, commonly prescribed for home use after hospital discharge.
Recipes of homemade enteral formula were requested from all hospitals and healthcare centers in a Brazilian city, totaling 24 recipes. The diets were quantified in relation to their energy content, macronutrients, and FODMAP content.
Of the 19 hospitals, 68.4% prescribe only commercial enteral formulas at the time of hospital discharge, and 31.6% prescribe homemade enteral formula, both conventional and commercial. The homemade enteral formula showed a variation from 700 to 3000 kcal/d. The macronutrient levels of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats were 49.0% ± 6.8%, 17.4% ± 3.1%, and 33.5% ± 6.2%, respectively. On average, homemade enteral formula had 58.5% of high FODMAP content, 7.1% of moderate content, and 34.5% of low FODMAP content, considering that milk is the main food responsible for the high content of FODMAP.
Homemade enteral formula presented adequate nutrition characteristics and is rich in FODMAP. It is important to consider FODMAP in enteral diets prescribed for individuals intolerant to these carbohydrates by individualizing the diet prescription.
最近的研究表明，低 FODMAP（FO，可发酵寡糖；D，双糖；M，单糖；AP，多元醇）含量的商业肠内配方可减少接受肠内营养治疗（ENT）的个体的腹泻。然而，关于自制肠内配方中 FODMAP 的含量尚无信息。本研究旨在评估能量和宏量营养素含量，并定量评估常用于出院后家庭使用的自制肠内配方中的 FODMAP 含量。
向巴西某城市的所有医院和医疗中心请求自制肠内配方的食谱，共 24 个食谱。这些饮食的能量含量、宏量营养素和 FODMAP 含量均进行了量化。
19 家医院中有 68.4%在出院时仅开商业肠内配方，31.6%开常规和商业自制肠内配方。自制肠内配方的能量含量从 700 到 3000kcal/d 不等。碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的宏量营养素水平分别为 49.0%±6.8%、17.4%±3.1%和 33.5%±6.2%。平均而言，自制肠内配方的高 FODMAP 含量为 58.5%，中含量为 7.1%，低含量为 34.5%，考虑到牛奶是 FODMAP 含量高的主要食物。
自制肠内配方具有良好的营养特性，并且富含 FODMAP。对于不耐受这些碳水化合物的个体，在开肠内饮食处方时应考虑 FODMAP，以实现个体化的饮食处方。
