2型糖尿病患者对饮食建议的依从程度及障碍：埃塞俄比亚一家医院的横断面研究
Level of adherence to dietary recommendations and barriers among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study in an Ethiopian hospital.
作者信息
Ayele Asnakew Achaw, Emiru Yohannes Kelifa, Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw, Ayele Belete Achamyelew, Gebremariam Alemayehu Digssie, Tegegn Henok Getachew
机构信息
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, BOX 520 Gondar, PO Ethiopia.
2School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Nov 29;4:21. doi: 10.1186/s40842-018-0070-7. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Limited data are available regarding the level of adherence and barriers to dietary recommendations in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the level of dietary adherence and its barriers among patients with type 2 diabetes in northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2017 at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. The Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ) was used for dietary adherence measurement. Multivariate logistic regression was done to identify the barriers influencing dietary adherence.
RESULT
A significant percentage (74.3%) of the study participants had poor adherence to dietary recommendations. The highest mean score was obtained for the question regarding consuming foods high in sugar with a mean 5.49 ± 1.20 times a week. On the other hand, our participants had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables and foods high in omega-3 fats with a mean of 1.84 ± 1.96 and 0.1 ± 0.62 times a week respectively. According to the survey of participants, lack of knowledge, lack of diet education, inability to afford the cost of healthy diet and poor awareness about the benefit of dietary recommendations were the most cited reasons for poor dietary adherence. In multivariate logistics regression, low level of educational status, the presence of co-morbidities, lack of previous exposure to dietary education and low monthly income were statistically significant factors associated with non-adherence.
CONCLUSION
The rate of non-adherence to dietary recommendation among patients with T2DM was found to be high in northwest Ethiopia. Hence, providing customized health education about the potential benefit of proper dietary recommendations in controlling blood glucose is recommended. Health care providers should be proactive in promoting adherence to dietary recommendations in patients with T2DM.
背景
关于非洲（包括埃塞俄比亚）2型糖尿病患者对饮食建议的依从程度和障碍的数据有限。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部2型糖尿病患者的饮食依从水平及其障碍。
方法
2017年8月至10月在埃塞俄比亚西北部的德布雷塔博尔综合医院进行了一项基于医院的前瞻性横断面研究。采用感知饮食依从性问卷（PDAQ）来测量饮食依从性。进行多因素逻辑回归以确定影响饮食依从性的障碍。
结果
相当比例（74.3%）的研究参与者对饮食建议的依从性较差。关于食用高糖食物的问题得分最高，平均每周5.49±1.20次。另一方面，我们的参与者水果、蔬菜和富含ω-3脂肪酸食物的摄入量较低，平均每周分别为1.84±1.96次和0.1±0.62次。根据参与者的调查，知识缺乏、缺乏饮食教育、无力承担健康饮食费用以及对饮食建议益处的认识不足是饮食依从性差最常被提及的原因。在多因素逻辑回归中，教育程度低、存在合并症、缺乏先前的饮食教育接触以及月收入低是与不依从相关的具有统计学意义的因素。
结论
在埃塞俄比亚西北部，2型糖尿病患者不遵守饮食建议的比例很高。因此，建议提供关于适当饮食建议在控制血糖方面潜在益处的定制化健康教育。医疗保健提供者应积极促进2型糖尿病患者遵守饮食建议。
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