Racial and Ethnic Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Philadelphia, PA: an Observational Study.

BACKGROUND

To learn more about local prostate cancer (PCa) disparities, we conducted descriptive analyses of the role of race and age in PCa using the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry data for Philadelphia (2005-2014).

METHODS

We focused on the most prevalent race/ethnic groups: white (33%), black (44%), and Hispanic (9%). Outcomes included PCa rates, tumor stage, and tumor grade. Percent change was used to describe changes in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates. Frequency tables and logistic regression models were used to describe trends in proportions of advanced PCa by race and time. Race-by-time interaction terms were retained in the models if statistically significant.

RESULTS

PCa incidence was highest for black men over time. Incidence rates declined over time for all race groups (- 28% for white men to - 38% for Hispanic men). PCa mortality rates declined in a less universal manner (- 5% for blacks to - 32% for whites). Each year, odds increased across all race groups for advanced tumor stage (4% each year among white and Hispanic men and 9% each year among black men) and for advanced tumor grade (4% each year among white and black men and 23% each year among Hispanic men). Among younger men, black men experienced significantly increased odds of advanced tumor stage each year (8%) and Hispanics experienced significantly increased odds of advanced tumor grade each year (30%).

CONCLUSIONS

Black men remain at highest PCa risk relative to other racial/ethnic groups in Philadelphia. Younger black and Hispanic men are at particular risk for advanced PCa at diagnosis.