Director, Surveillance Information, Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
Director, Risk Factor and Screening Surveillance, Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2015 Nov-Dec;65(6):457-80. doi: 10.3322/caac.21314. Epub 2015 Sep 16.
Cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanics/Latinos, who represent the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, accounting for 17.4% (55.4 million/318 million) of the total US population in 2014. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer statistics for Hispanics based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Among Hispanics in 2015, there will be an estimated 125,900 new cancer cases diagnosed and 37,800 cancer deaths. For all cancers combined, Hispanics have 20% lower incidence rates and 30% lower death rates compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs); however, death rates are slightly higher among Hispanics during adolescence (aged 15-19 years). Hispanic cancer rates vary by country of origin and are generally lowest in Mexicans, with the exception of infection-associated cancers. Liver cancer incidence rates in Hispanic men, which are twice those in NHW men, doubled from 1992 to 2012; however, rates in men aged younger than 50 years declined by 43% since 2003, perhaps a bellwether of future trends for this highly fatal cancer. Variations in cancer risk between Hispanics and NHWs, as well as between subpopulations, are driven by differences in exposure to cancer-causing infectious agents, rates of screening, and lifestyle patterns. Strategies for reducing cancer risk in Hispanic populations include increasing the uptake of preventive services (e.g., screening and vaccination) and targeted interventions to reduce obesity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption.
癌症是导致西班牙裔/拉丁裔（占美国总人口的 17.4%，即 5540 万/3.18 亿）死亡的主要原因，他们是美国最大的种族/族裔少数群体。2014 年，美国癌症协会根据美国国家癌症研究所、疾病控制和预防中心以及北美癌症登记协会的数据报告了西班牙裔的癌症统计数据，并根据国家卫生统计中心的数据报告了癌症死亡率。2015 年，预计西班牙裔中有 125900 例新的癌症病例被诊断，37800 例癌症死亡。对于所有癌症的总和，西班牙裔的发病率比非西班牙裔白人低 20%，死亡率低 30%；然而，西班牙裔青少年（15-19 岁）的死亡率略高。西班牙裔的癌症发病率因原籍国而异，总体来说，墨西哥裔的发病率最低，除了与感染相关的癌症。西班牙裔男性的肝癌发病率是白人男性的两倍，从 1992 年到 2012 年增加了一倍；然而，自 2003 年以来，50 岁以下男性的发病率下降了 43%，这或许是这种高致命性癌症未来趋势的一个信号。西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人以及不同亚群之间的癌症风险差异是由致癌感染因子暴露、筛查率和生活方式模式的差异驱动的。降低西班牙裔人群癌症风险的策略包括增加预防服务（如筛查和疫苗接种）的利用率，并采取有针对性的干预措施来减少肥胖、吸烟和饮酒。
