Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada.
Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Jan;263:68-94. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.11.005. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
Glass- and polymer-based materials have become essential in the fabrication of a multitude of elements, including eyeglasses, automobile windshields, bathroom mirrors, greenhouses, and food packages, which unfortunately mist up under typical operating conditions. Far from being an innocuous phenomenon, the formation of minute water drops on the surface is detrimental to their optical properties (e.g., light-transmitting capability) and, in many cases, results in esthetical, hygienic, and safety concerns. In this context, it is therefore not surprising that research in the field of fog-resistant surfaces is gaining in popularity, particularly in recent years, in view of the growing number of studies focusing on this topic. This review addresses the most relevant advances released thus far on anti-fogging surfaces, with a particular focus on coating deposition, surface micro/nanostructuring, and surface functionalization. A brief explanation of how surfaces fog up and the main issues of interest linked to fogging phenomenon, including common problems, anti-fogging strategies, and wetting states are first presented. Anti-fogging mechanisms are then discussed in terms of the morphology of water drops, continuing with a description of the main fabrication techniques toward anti-fogging property. This review concludes with the current and the future perspectives on the utility of anti-fogging surfaces for several applications and some remaining challenges in this field.
玻璃和聚合物基材料在制造多种元素中变得至关重要，包括眼镜、汽车挡风玻璃、浴室镜子、温室和食品包装，但这些元素在典型的操作条件下会雾化。表面形成微小水滴的现象远非无害，它会损害它们的光学性质（例如透光能力），在许多情况下，还会导致美学、卫生和安全问题。有鉴于此，近年来，人们对防雾表面的研究越来越感兴趣，这并不奇怪，因为越来越多的研究都集中在这个主题上。本综述重点介绍了迄今为止在抗雾表面方面取得的最相关进展，特别关注涂层沉积、表面微纳结构和表面功能化。首先简要解释了表面雾化的原理以及与雾化现象相关的主要问题，包括常见问题、防雾策略和润湿状态。然后根据水滴的形态讨论了防雾机制，接着描述了实现防雾性能的主要制造技术。本综述最后总结了防雾表面在多种应用中的当前和未来前景，以及该领域的一些遗留挑战。
