Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education) & School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Apr 15;170:47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.106. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Because the application of Bisphenol A (BPA) was restricted, many substitutes, such as Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS), were developed as BPA substitutes. Therefore, environmental impacts of BPA and its substitutes on aquatic organisms should be concerned, especially their combined toxicity. In this study, the impacts of BPA, BPF, BPS and their mixture on the feeding behavior, reproduction and physiological function of daphnids were synthetically evaluated, involving the duration and mode of exposure. In short-term exposure tests, feeding rates of D. magna decreased after exposure to BPA, BPF, BPS and their mixture, while the inhibition reversed into stimulation in the recovery period. It may benefit from overcompensation of D. magna. In long-term exposure tests, the inhibition effect on the reproduction and growth of the exposed D. magna was difficult to recover, and only some experimental groups have a certain recovery. In conclusion, environmental risk of BPA, BPF, BPS and their mixture on the behavior of D. magna increased with prolonged exposure time. Moreover, relative activities of trypsin, amylase (AMS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase (CA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and super oxidase dimutase (SOD) of the exposed daphnids decreased in most treatment groups, indicating the disorder of digestive, nervous and antioxidative system of D. magna. Interestingly, inhibition of enzymes activities decreased with the increase of the exposure time, which implied the tolerance may be occurred.
由于双酚 A (BPA) 的应用受到限制，许多替代品，如双酚 F (BPF) 和双酚 S (BPS)，被开发为 BPA 的替代品。因此，应该关注 BPA 及其替代品对水生生物的环境影响，尤其是它们的联合毒性。在这项研究中，综合评估了 BPA、BPF、BPS 及其混合物对水蚤摄食行为、繁殖和生理功能的影响，涉及暴露时间和方式。在短期暴露试验中，暴露于 BPA、BPF、BPS 及其混合物后，大型溞的摄食率下降，而在恢复期，抑制作用逆转为刺激作用。这可能得益于大型溞的过度补偿。在长期暴露试验中，暴露于 BPA、BPF、BPS 及其混合物对繁殖和生长的抑制作用难以恢复，只有一些实验组有一定的恢复。总之，BPA、BPF、BPS 及其混合物对大型溞行为的环境风险随着暴露时间的延长而增加。此外，暴露于水蚤的相对活性胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶（AMS）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、碳酸酐酶（CA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）在大多数处理组中降低，表明大型溞的消化、神经和抗氧化系统紊乱。有趣的是，随着暴露时间的增加，酶活性的抑制作用降低，这暗示可能发生了耐受性。
