Carinou Eleftheria, Kollaard Robert, Stankovic Petrovic Jelena, Ginjaume Merce
Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE), Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.
J Radiol Prot. 2019 Mar;39(1):126-135. doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/aaf456. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Following the proposal of the ICRP for the reduction of the dose limit for the lens of the eye, which has been adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Council, concerns have been raised about the implementation of proper dose monitoring methods as defined in national regulations, and about the harmonisation between European countries. The European Radiation Dosimetry Group organised a survey at the end of 2017, through a web questionnaire, regarding national dose monitoring regulations. The questions were related to: double dosimetry, algorithms for the estimation of the effective dose, methodology for the determination of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye and structure of the national dose registry. The results showed that more than 50% of the countries that responded to the survey have legal requirements about the number and the position of dosemeters used for estimation of the effective dose when radiation protection garments are used. However, in only five out of 26 countries are there nationally approved algorithms for the estimation of the effective dose. In 14 out of 26 countries there is a legal requirement to estimate the dose to the lens of the eye. All of the responding countries use some kind of national database for storing individual monitoring data but in only 12 out of 26 countries are the estimated effective dose values stored. The personal dose equivalent at depth 3 mm is stored in the registry of only seven out of 26 countries. From the survey, performed just before the implementation of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive, it is concluded that national occupational exposure frameworks require intensive and immediate work under the coordination of the competent authorities to bring them into line with the latest basic safety standards and achieve harmonisation between European countries.
国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）提出降低眼晶状体剂量限值的建议，该建议已被国际原子能机构和欧洲理事会采纳。此后，人们对国家法规中规定的适当剂量监测方法的实施情况以及欧洲国家之间的协调统一表示关切。欧洲辐射剂量测定小组于2017年底通过网络问卷对国家剂量监测法规进行了一项调查。问题涉及：双重剂量测定、有效剂量估算算法、眼晶状体当量剂量测定方法以及国家剂量登记册的结构。结果显示，超过50%回复调查的国家对使用辐射防护服装时用于估算有效剂量的剂量计数量和位置有法律要求。然而，在26个国家中只有5个国家有国家批准的有效剂量估算算法。在26个国家中的14个国家，有法律要求估算眼晶状体的剂量。所有回复的国家都使用某种国家数据库来存储个人监测数据，但在26个国家中只有12个国家存储了估算的有效剂量值。在26个国家中只有7个国家的登记册中存储了深度3毫米处的个人剂量当量。从在欧洲基本安全标准指令实施前不久进行的这项调查可以得出结论，国家职业照射框架需要在主管当局的协调下进行密集和即时的工作，使其与最新的基本安全标准保持一致，并实现欧洲国家之间的协调统一。
