Behrens R
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig D-38116, Germany
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2015 Apr;164(1-2):75-8. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncu277. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended to lower the limit of the dose to the eye lens for occupationally exposed persons to a mean value of 20 mSv y(-1) (averaged over 5 y, with a maximum of 50 mSv y(-1)); already in the autumn of 2011, both the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency : IAEA) took over this reduction in their respective draft basic safety standards. Even prior to this (and since then, increasingly so), several international activities were started (among other things, the following ones): (1) the ICRP adopted a stylised model of the eye to calculate dose conversion coefficients for its report ICRP 116; (2) the European Commission has funded the ORAMED project dealing with radiation protection in medicine; (3) in its standard IEC 62387 on passive dosimetry systems, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has laid down requirements for Hp(3) eye dosemeters; (4) the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the IAEA provide a range of practical advice in the standard ISO 15382 (still a draft) and in a technical document IAEA TecDoc on both radiation protection and on dosimetry; (5) for most cases, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommends both phantoms (the slab and the cylinder). In short: most national procedures can orientate themselves on international ones; some questions, however, remain open.
国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）建议将职业照射人员眼晶状体的剂量限值降低至年平均值20毫希沃特（5年平均，年最大值为50毫希沃特）；早在2011年秋季，欧盟委员会和国际原子能机构（IAEA）就在各自的基础安全标准草案中采纳了这一剂量降低标准。甚至在此之前（此后更是如此），就启动了多项国际活动（包括但不限于以下活动）：（1）ICRP采用了一种简化的眼部模型，以计算其第116号报告中的剂量转换系数；（2）欧盟委员会资助了处理医学辐射防护问题的ORAMED项目；（3）国际电工委员会（IEC）在其关于无源剂量测定系统的标准IEC 62387中，规定了Hp(3)眼剂量计的要求；（4）国际标准化组织（ISO）和IAEA在标准ISO 15382（仍为草案）以及IAEA技术文件中，就辐射防护和剂量测定提供了一系列实用建议；（5）对于大多数情况，国际辐射单位与测量委员会（ICRU）推荐使用两种人体模型（平板模型和圆柱模型）。简而言之：大多数国家程序可以以国际程序为导向；然而，一些问题仍然悬而未决。
