Orisakwe Orish Ebere, Dagur Emmanuel Ayuba, Mbagwu Herbert Orji Chidi, Udowelle Nnvaemeka Arinze, Offor Samuel James
1Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2018;69(4):335-345. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2018.0038.
North Central Nigeria is the food basket of Nigeria but is also known for its artisanal mining with attendant public health consequences which is hitherto unquantified. Vegetables grown close to these mining sites may be contaminated with heavy metals.
This study has estimated health risk associated with heavy metals HM (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Se and Ni) in vegetables harvested inform the mining areas of Dilimi, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi by calculating the Daily intake, Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and the Cancer risk (CR) for adults and children in the local population.
Vegetable, soil, irrigation water and sediments samples were collected, digested, ashed and analyzed for HM using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).
The concentration of heavy metals in vegetables were in the order Cd < Se < Cr < Cu < Ni < Zn. There were higher HM levels in soil than vegetables samples. The daily intake of HM from vegetable consumption decreased in the following order Cd < Se < Cr < Cu < Ni < Zn. At least 62.5% of vegetable samples had THQ values > 1 in Dilimi, Bukuru and Barkin ladi (Adults) while 13% of vegetable samples had THQ values > 1 in children. The THQ of nickel ranged from 0.38-2.73 and 0.21-1.53 in adults and children respectively. The bio-concentration factor ranged from 0.026-7.52, 0.01-0.36 and 0.0011-1.23 in Dilimi, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi respectively for all the studied heavy metals. The cancer risk values ranged from 0.011-0.04 and 0.00066-0.02 across all the studied areas for adults and children respectively. HI values for adults were all >1 and also the total cancer risk was above the acceptable range of 10-4.
Since THQ is > 1 in most of the samples, HI values > 1 for adults in all the vegetable and cancer risk above the acceptable limit consumption of vegetables from the study areas is not free of risk.
尼日利亚中北部是该国的粮食篮子，但也因其手工采矿而闻名，随之而来的公共卫生后果迄今尚未量化。在这些矿区附近种植的蔬菜可能会被重金属污染。
本研究通过计算当地成年人和儿童食用从迪利米、布库鲁和巴尔金拉迪矿区收获的蔬菜中重金属（镉、铬、铜、锌、硒和镍）的每日摄入量、目标危害商（THQ）、危害指数（HI）和癌症风险（CR），估计了与之相关的健康风险。
采集蔬菜、土壤、灌溉水和沉积物样本，进行消解、灰化，并使用原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）分析其中的重金属。
蔬菜中重金属浓度顺序为镉＜硒＜铬＜铜＜镍＜锌。土壤中的重金属含量高于蔬菜样本。蔬菜消费中重金属的每日摄入量顺序为镉＜硒＜铬＜铜＜镍＜锌。在迪利米、布库鲁和巴尔金拉迪（成年人），至少62.5%的蔬菜样本THQ值＞1，而在儿童中，13%的蔬菜样本THQ值＞1。镍的THQ在成年人中范围为0.38 - 2.73，在儿童中为0.21 - 1.53。所有研究的重金属在迪利米、布库鲁和巴尔金拉迪的生物富集系数分别为0.026 - 7.52、0.01 - 0.36和0.0011 - 1.23。所有研究区域成年人的癌症风险值范围为0.011 - 0.04，儿童为0.00066 - 0.02。成年人的HI值均＞1，且总癌症风险高于可接受范围10⁻⁴。
由于大多数样本的THQ＞1，所有蔬菜中成年人的HI值＞1，且研究区域蔬菜消费的癌症风险高于可接受限值，因此食用这些蔬菜并非没有风险。
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