Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China.
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Apr 30;171:329-336. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.073. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
Non-ferrous smelting releases lots of heavy metals to the environment. Although numerous studies have focused on pollution in the environment, fewer have studied the adverse health effects. In the current study, samples of food, hair and urine were collected and analyzed for zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) from residents of 3 villages near the largest copper smelter in China. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI) were used to estimate and analyze the health risks to local residents (children, adults, and seniors). The Zn, Cr, Ni, Fe, Pb and Cu concentrations in food ranged from 16.02 to 61.48 mg kg, 0.23-13.64 mg kg, 0.10-5.90 mg kg, 19.16-170.05 mg kg, 0.15-3.62 mg kg, and 0.53-2.74 mg kg, respectively. Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations in all vegetables were above the national tolerance limits. Children had higher EDIs of heavy metals than that of adults and seniors. The THQ of single elements and the HI of combined elements indicated that the EDI of Pb and Cu showed the highest potential health risks, followed by the EDI of Zn and Fe, and Ni, Cr. High EDI of heavy metals resulted in much higher concentrations of heavy metals in hair and urine samples than those of normal Chinese residents, showing that residents around the smelter have potential health risks through daily food intake. The main sources of these heavy metals were from the consumption of rice and vegetables and it is imperative that measures should be taken to control this urgent problem.
有色冶炼向环境中排放大量重金属。尽管许多研究都集中在环境污染上，但对其对健康的不良影响的研究较少。在本研究中，从中国最大的铜冶炼厂附近的 3 个村庄采集了食物、头发和尿液样本，并对其中的锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和铜（Cu）进行了分析。采用估计日摄入量（EDI）、目标危害系数（THQ）和危害指数（HI）来评估和分析当地居民（儿童、成人和老年人）的健康风险。食物中的 Zn、Cr、Ni、Fe、Pb 和 Cu 浓度范围分别为 16.02-61.48 mg kg、0.23-13.64 mg kg、0.10-5.90 mg kg、19.16-170.05 mg kg、0.15-3.62 mg kg 和 0.53-2.74 mg kg。所有蔬菜中的 Zn、Cr、Ni 和 Pb 浓度均高于国家耐受限量。儿童的重金属 EDIs 高于成人和老年人。单一元素的 THQ 和综合元素的 HI 表明，Pb 和 Cu 的 EDI 表现出最高的潜在健康风险，其次是 Zn 和 Fe，以及 Ni 和 Cr。重金属的 EDIs 较高，导致头发和尿液样本中的重金属浓度明显高于正常中国居民，这表明冶炼厂周围的居民通过日常食物摄入存在潜在的健康风险。这些重金属的主要来源是食用大米和蔬菜，因此必须采取措施来控制这一紧迫问题。
