Laboni Farzana Akter, Ahmed Md Wadud, Kaium Abdul, Alam Md Khairul, Parven Aney, Jubayer Md Fahad, Rahman Md Aminur, Meftaul Islam Md, Khan Md Sirajul Islam
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Feb;201(2):995-1005. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03179-6. Epub 2022 Mar 14.
The prevalence of heavy metals in frequently consumed vegetables constitutes a considerable public health hazard. This study aims to determine the quantity of heavy metals in widely consumed watercress (WC), alligator weed (AW), red amaranth (RA), spinach (SP), cauliflower (CF), and eggplant (EP) cultivated in industrial areas (e.g., Narsingdi district) of Bangladesh to assess the potential health hazards. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) served to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) in vegetable samples (n = 72). The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni were found in most of the analyzed vegetables, whereas 79.17%, 44.44%, and 1.39% samples exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for Pb, Cd, and Ni, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of single heavy metal was below the corresponding maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values of Cd in all samples exceeded the threshold limit (ILCR > 10) for both adults and children, indicating lifetime cancer risk due to the consumption of contaminated vegetables. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of each heavy metal was THQ < 1.0 (except Ni in few samples), indicating that consumers have no non-cancer risk when exposed to a single heavy metal. However, hazard index (HI) values of heavy metals were greater than unity in contaminated WC and AW for adults and children. Meanwhile, WC, AW, and SP samples for children emerged as potential health risks of inhabitants in the studied areas. The outcomes of the present investigation might assist the regulatory bodies concerned in setting new strategies through monitoring the quality of marketed vegetables to minimize the risks to humans.
常见食用蔬菜中的重金属含量对公众健康构成了相当大的危害。本研究旨在测定在孟加拉国工业区（如纳西迪区）种植的广泛食用的西洋菜（WC）、空心莲子草（AW）、红米苋（RA）、菠菜（SP）、花椰菜（CF）和茄子（EP）中的重金属含量，以评估潜在的健康危害。采用原子吸收光谱法（AAS）测定蔬菜样品（n = 72）中铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）和镍（Ni）的浓度。在大多数分析的蔬菜中都发现了Pb、Cd、Cr和Ni的含量，而分别有79.17%、44.44%和1.39%的样品超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织对Pb、Cd和Ni的最大允许浓度（MAC）。单一重金属的估计每日摄入量（EDI）低于相应的每日最大耐受摄入量（MTDI）。所有样品中Cd的终身癌症风险增量（ILCR）值超过了成人和儿童的阈值（ILCR > 10），表明食用受污染蔬菜存在终身癌症风险。每种重金属的目标危害商（THQ）均THQ < 1.0（少数样品中的Ni除外），表明消费者接触单一重金属时不存在非癌症风险。然而，受污染的WC和AW中成人和儿童的重金属危害指数（HI）值均大于1。同时，儿童食用的WC、AW和SP样品对研究区域居民构成了潜在的健康风险。本调查结果可能有助于相关监管机构通过监测上市蔬菜质量来制定新策略，以降低对人类的风险。
