Center for Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Center for Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
J Am Coll Surg. 2019 Mar;228(3):228-234. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.11.014. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
There are no studies correlating wounding pattern or probability of death based on firearm type used in civilian public mass shooting (CPMS) events. Previous studies on non-CPMS events found that handguns are more lethal than rifles. We hypothesized that CPMS events associated with a handgun are also more lethal than those associated with a rifle.
A retrospective study of autopsy reports from CPMS events was performed; CPMS was defined using the FBI and the Congressional Research Service definition. Site(s) of injury, site(s) of fatal injury, and presence of potentially preventable death (PPD) were determined independently by each author and cross-referenced to firearm type used.
Autopsy reports of 232 victims from 23 events were reviewed. Seventy-three victims (31%) were shot by handguns, 105 (45%) by rifles, 22 (9%) by shotguns, and 32 (14%) by multiple firearms. Events using a handgun were associated with a higher percentage killed, and events using a rifle were associated with more people shot, although neither difference reached statistical significance. Victims shot by handguns had the highest percentage of having more than 1 fatal wound (26%); those shot by rifle had the lowest percentage (2%) (p = 0.003). Thirty-eight victims (16%) were judged to have had a PPD. The probability of having a PPD was lowest for events involving a handgun (4%) and highest for events involving a rifle (23%) (p = 0.002). Wounding with a handgun was significantly associated with brain (p = 0.007) and cardiac injury (p = 0.03).
Civilian public mass shooting events with a handgun are more lethal than those associated with use of a rifle.
目前尚无研究将民用公共场所枪击事件（CPMS）中使用的枪支类型与创伤模式或死亡率相关联。先前关于非 CPMS 事件的研究发现，手枪比步枪更具致命性。我们假设与手枪相关的 CPMS 事件比与步枪相关的 CPMS 事件更致命。
对 CPMS 事件的尸检报告进行了回顾性研究；CPMS 是使用 FBI 和国会研究服务的定义来定义的。每个作者独立确定损伤部位、致命伤部位和潜在可预防死亡（PPD）的存在，并与使用的枪支类型进行交叉参考。
共审查了 23 起事件中 232 名受害者的尸检报告。73 名受害者（31%）被手枪射击，105 名（45%）被步枪射击，22 名（9%）被猎枪射击，32 名（14%）被多种枪支射击。使用手枪的事件与更高的死亡率相关，而使用步枪的事件与更多的人被枪击相关，尽管这两个差异都没有达到统计学意义。被手枪射击的受害者有更多致命伤的比例最高（26%）；被步枪射击的受害者比例最低（2%）（p=0.003）。38 名受害者（16%）被认为存在 PPD。涉及手枪的事件发生 PPD 的概率最低（4%），涉及步枪的事件发生 PPD 的概率最高（23%）（p=0.002）。使用手枪造成的创伤与脑（p=0.007）和心脏损伤（p=0.03）显著相关。
涉及手枪的民用公共场所枪击事件比涉及使用步枪的枪击事件更具致命性。
