University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, De Bascule - Academic Center for Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Jan;96:250-271. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.004. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
According to the dual-hormone hypothesis, the relationship between testosterone and status-relevant behavior is moderated by cortisol, suggesting this relationship only exists when cortisol is low. In the current study, a meta-analysis (including 30 papers with 33 studies, 49 effect sizes, n = 8538) on the interaction effect of testosterone and cortisol on status-relevant behavior (i.e. status, dominance, risk taking, aggression, and psychopathy) was performed. There was only marginal support for the dual-hormone hypothesis: The effect size of the interaction between testosterone and cortisol on status-relevant behavior was significant but very small (r = -.061, p = .026), which was corroborated by follow-up meta-analyses on simple slopes on low and high cortisol. Effect sizes were largest for direct status measures, although not significantly different from other outcome measures. Similarly, effect sizes seemed larger for men than for women. However, robustness analyses indicated signs of publication bias, enhanced significance due to potential flexibility in data-analysis, and a lack of power of individual studies, emphasizing the need for a large, pre-registered study.
根据双激素假说，睾酮和与地位相关的行为之间的关系受皮质醇调节，这表明只有当皮质醇水平较低时，这种关系才存在。在目前的研究中，对睾酮和皮质醇对与地位相关的行为（即地位、支配、冒险、攻击和精神病态）的相互作用的影响进行了荟萃分析（包括 30 篇论文，33 项研究，49 个效应量，n=8538）。只有边缘支持双激素假说：睾酮和皮质醇对与地位相关的行为的相互作用的效应量是显著的，但非常小（r = -.061，p=.026），这被对低和高皮质醇的简单斜率的后续荟萃分析所证实。直接地位测量的效应量最大，尽管与其他结果测量没有显著差异。同样，对于男性来说，效应量似乎大于女性。然而，稳健性分析表明存在出版偏差的迹象，由于数据分析的潜在灵活性而增强了显著性，以及个别研究的效力不足，这强调了需要进行一项大型的、预先注册的研究。
