UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, LaJolla, California.
Departments of Urology, Medicine, Systems Biology, and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2018 Dec;11(12):735-778. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0421.
The recent pace, extent, and impact of paradigm-changing cancer prevention science has been remarkable. The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) convened a 3-day summit, aligned with five research priorities: (i) Precancer Atlas (PCA). (ii) Cancer interception. (iii) Obesity-cancer linkage, a global epidemic of chronic low-grade inflammation. (iv) Implementation science. (v) Cancer disparities. Aligned with these priorities, AACR co-led the Lancet Commission to formally endorse and accelerate the NCI Cancer Moonshot program, facilitating new global collaborative efforts in cancer control. The expanding scope of creative impact is perhaps most startling-from NCI-funded built environments to AACR Team Science Awarded studies of Asian cancer genomes informing global primary prevention policies; cell-free epigenetic marks identifying incipient neoplastic site; practice-changing genomic subclasses in myeloproliferative neoplasia (including germline variant tightly linked to JAK2 V617F haplotype); universal germline genetic testing for pancreatic cancer; and repurposing drugs targeting immune- and stem-cell signals (e.g., IL-1β, PD-1, RANK-L) to cancer interception. Microbiota-driven IL-17 can induce stemness and transformation in pancreatic precursors (identifying another repurposing opportunity). Notable progress also includes hosting an obesity special conference (connecting epidemiologic and molecular perspectives to inform cancer research and prevention strategies), co-leading concerted national implementation efforts in HPV vaccination, and charting the future elimination of cancer disparities by integrating new science tools, discoveries and perspectives into community-engaged research, including targeted counter attacks on e-cigarette ad exploitation of children, Hispanics and Blacks. Following this summit, two unprecedented funding initiatives were catalyzed to drive cancer prevention research: the NCI Cancer Moonshot (e.g., PCA and disparities); and the AACR-Stand Up To Cancer bold "Cancer Interception" initiative.
近年来，癌症预防科学发生了变革，其速度、广度和影响都非常显著。美国癌症研究协会（AACR）召开了为期三天的峰会，重点关注以下五个研究优先事项：（i）癌前图谱（PCA）。（ii）癌症干预。（iii）肥胖与癌症的联系，这是一种慢性低度炎症的全球性流行。（iv）实施科学。（v）癌症差异。为了配合这些优先事项，AACR 共同领导了《柳叶刀》委员会，正式认可并加速 NCI 癌症登月计划，促进癌症控制领域的新的全球合作努力。富有创意的影响力不断扩大，或许最令人震惊的是——从 NCI 资助的建筑环境到 AACR 团队科学奖获奖的亚洲癌症基因组研究，为全球初级预防政策提供信息；无细胞表观遗传标记可识别初期肿瘤部位；骨髓增生性肿瘤的具有改变实践的基因组亚型（包括与 JAK2 V617F 单倍型紧密相关的种系变异）；针对胰腺癌的通用种系基因检测；以及针对免疫和干细胞信号的药物再利用（例如，IL-1β、PD-1、RANK-L）进行癌症干预。微生物群驱动的 IL-17 可以诱导胰腺前体细胞的干性和转化（确定了另一个药物再利用的机会）。值得注意的进展还包括举办肥胖特别会议（将流行病学和分子观点联系起来，为癌症研究和预防策略提供信息）、共同领导 HPV 疫苗接种的协调国家实施工作、以及通过将新的科学工具、发现和观点纳入社区参与的研究，包括针对电子烟广告对儿童、西班牙裔和非裔的剥削的有针对性的反击，来消除癌症差异。此次峰会之后，两项前所未有的资助倡议得以启动，以推动癌症预防研究：NCI 癌症登月计划（例如 PCA 和差异）；以及 AACR-Stand Up To Cancer 的大胆“癌症干预”倡议。
