两种教育海报对避孕知识和意愿的影响：一项随机对照试验。
Effects of Two Educational Posters on Contraceptive Knowledge and Intentions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
机构信息
Departments of Health Policy and Management, Family Medicine, and Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
出版信息
Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jan;133(1):53-62. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003012.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) contraceptive effectiveness poster with a more patient-centered poster on factors affecting the likelihood of using effective contraceptives.
METHODS
The posters were tested in a randomized controlled trial. Women were eligible if they were aged 18-44 years, could speak and read English, were not pregnant or trying to conceive, and had engaged in vaginal intercourse in the past 3 months. An online survey administered through Amazon Mechanical Turk was used to collect baseline and immediate follow-up data on three primary outcomes: contraceptive knowledge (measured using the Contraceptive Knowledge Assessment), perceived pregnancy risk, and the effectiveness of the contraceptive the woman intended to use in the next year. Subgroup analyses were conducted in women with prior pregnancy scares, low numeracy, and no current contraceptive. Within- and between-group differences were compared for the two randomized groups.
RESULTS
From January 26 to February 13, 2018, 2,930 people were screened and 990 randomized. For the primary outcomes, the only significant result was that the patient-centered poster produced a greater improvement in contraceptive knowledge than the CDC poster (P<.001). Relative to baseline, both posters significantly improved contraceptive knowledge (CDC +3.6, patient-centered +6.4 percentage points, P<.001) and a constructed score measuring the effectiveness of the contraceptive that women intended to use in the next year (CDC and patient-centered +3 percentage points, P<.01). This is equivalent to 1-17 of every 100 women who viewed a poster changing their intentions in favor of a more effective contraceptive.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that both posters educate women about contraception and may reduce unplanned pregnancy risk by improving contraceptive intentions. Of the three primary outcomes, the patient-centered poster performs significantly better than the CDC poster at increasing contraceptive knowledge.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03372369.
目的
比较疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的避孕效果海报与更以患者为中心的海报，后者关注影响使用有效避孕措施可能性的因素。
方法
海报在一项随机对照试验中进行了测试。如果女性年龄在 18-44 岁之间，能够说和读英语，没有怀孕或尝试怀孕，并且在过去 3 个月内进行过阴道性交，则有资格参加。通过亚马逊 Mechanical Turk 进行的在线调查用于收集三个主要结果的基线和即时随访数据：避孕知识（使用避孕知识评估量表测量）、感知怀孕风险以及女性计划在未来一年内使用的避孕措施的有效性。在有先前怀孕担忧、低算术能力和无当前避孕措施的女性中进行了亚组分析。比较了两个随机组内和组间的差异。
结果
从 2018 年 1 月 26 日至 2 月 13 日，共有 2930 人进行了筛选，990 人被随机分组。对于主要结果，唯一显著的结果是，以患者为中心的海报在避孕知识方面的改善优于 CDC 海报（P<.001）。与基线相比，两个海报都显著提高了避孕知识（CDC 增加了 3.6 个百分点，以患者为中心增加了 6.4 个百分点，P<.001）和衡量女性计划在未来一年内使用的避孕措施有效性的构建得分（CDC 和以患者为中心增加了 3 个百分点，P<.01）。这相当于每 100 名观看海报的女性中就有 1-17 人改变了他们的意图，转而选择更有效的避孕措施。
结论
这项研究表明，这两个海报都教育了女性有关避孕的知识，并可能通过改善避孕意图来降低意外怀孕的风险。在三个主要结果中，以患者为中心的海报在增加避孕知识方面的表现明显优于 CDC 海报。
临床试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov，NCT03372369。
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