Panina Yulia A, Yakimov Anton S, Komleva Yulia K, Morgun Andrey V, Lopatina Olga L, Malinovskaya Natalia A, Shuvaev Anton N, Salmin Vladimir V, Taranushenko Tatiana E, Salmina Alla B
Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Front Physiol. 2018 Nov 26;9:1656. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01656. eCollection 2018.
Adipose tissue is recognized as an important organ with metabolic, regulatory, and plastic roles. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) with self-renewal properties localize in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) being present in a vascular niche, thereby, contributing to local regulation of angiogenesis and vessel remodeling. In the past decades, ASCs have attracted much attention from biologists and bioengineers, particularly, because of their multilineage differentiation potential, strong proliferation, and migration abilities and high resistance to oxidative stress and senescence. Current data suggest that the SVF serves as an important source of endothelial progenitors, endothelial cells, and pericytes, thereby, contributing to vessel remodeling and growth. In addition, ASCs demonstrate intriguing metabolic and interlineage plasticity, which makes them good candidates for creating regenerative therapeutic protocols, tissue models and microphysiological systems, and tissue-on-chip devices for diagnostic and regeneration-supporting purposes. This review covers recent achievements in understanding the metabolic activity within the SVF niches (lactate and NAD+ metabolism), which is critical for maintaining the pool of ASCs, and discloses their pro-angiogenic potential, particularly, in the complex therapy of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
脂肪组织被认为是一个具有代谢、调节和塑形作用的重要器官。具有自我更新特性的脂肪组织来源干细胞（ASC）定位于存在于血管微环境中的基质血管成分（SVF）中，从而有助于局部血管生成和血管重塑的调节。在过去几十年中，ASC引起了生物学家和生物工程师的广泛关注，特别是因为它们具有多谱系分化潜能、强大的增殖和迁移能力以及对氧化应激和衰老的高抗性。目前的数据表明，SVF是内皮祖细胞、内皮细胞和周细胞的重要来源，从而有助于血管重塑和生长。此外，ASC表现出有趣的代谢和谱系间可塑性，这使其成为创建用于诊断和再生支持目的的再生治疗方案、组织模型和微生理系统以及芯片上组织装置的良好候选者。本综述涵盖了在理解SVF微环境内的代谢活性（乳酸和NAD+代谢）方面的最新进展，这对于维持ASC库至关重要，并揭示了它们的促血管生成潜力，特别是在心血管和脑血管疾病的综合治疗中。
