Jia Xinlei, Wang Jingyu, Hou Conghua, Tan Yingxin, Zhang Yuanping
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
Nanoscale Res Lett. 2018 Dec 10;13(1):402. doi: 10.1186/s11671-018-2803-z.
To improve the safety of ammonium nitrate explosives, the melamine urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF resin) was selected for the preparation of three typical nitramine explosives (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, HMX; cryclo-trimethylenetrinitramine, RDX; and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, CL-20) based green polymer-bonded explosives (GPBXs) via interfacial polymerization. Meanwhile, the corresponding composite particles prepared by physical mixing and drying bath methods were studied and compared. The particle morphology, crystal structure, thermal stability, and safety performance of the resultant composite particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and impact sensitivity test, respectively. SEM results showed that MUF was successfully coated on the surface of the three explosives, and different composite particles prepared by the same method have their own unique characteristics. Such effect is attributed to the resin's ability to isolate and buffer external stimuli. It is obvious that the interfacial polymerization is an effective desensitization technique to prepare core-shell composite particles for explosives.
为提高硝酸铵炸药的安全性，选用三聚氰胺脲醛树脂（MUF树脂），通过界面聚合法制备了三种典型硝胺炸药（环四亚甲基四硝胺，HMX；环三亚甲基三硝胺，RDX；六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷，CL-20）基绿色聚合物粘结炸药（GPBXs）。同时，对通过物理混合和干燥浴法制备的相应复合粒子进行了研究和比较。分别采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和撞击感度试验对所得复合粒子的颗粒形态、晶体结构、热稳定性和安全性能进行了表征。SEM结果表明，MUF成功包覆在三种炸药表面，同一方法制备的不同复合粒子具有各自独特的特性。这种效果归因于树脂隔离和缓冲外部刺激的能力。显然，界面聚合是一种制备炸药核壳复合粒子的有效钝感技术。
