Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia.
Pacific Development and Technology, LLC, Palo Alto, California.
J Neurophysiol. 2019 Feb 1;121(2):620-633. doi: 10.1152/jn.00599.2018. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
We provide direct electrophysiological evidence that mirror therapy (MT) can change brain activity and aid in the recovery of motor function after stroke. In this longitudinal single-case study, the subject was a 58-yr-old man with right-hand hemiplegia due to ischemic stroke. Over a 9-mo period we treated him with MT twice a week and measured electroencephalograms (EEG) before, during, and after each therapy session. Using advanced signal processing methods, we identified five distinct movement-related oscillatory EEG components: one slow component designated as mu rhythm and four faster components designated as sensorimotor rhythms. Results show that MT produced long-term changes of two oscillatory EEG components including the mu rhythm, which is a well-documented correlate of voluntary movement in the frequency range of 7.5-12 Hz. Specifically, MT was significantly associated with an increase in the power of mu rhythm recorded over both hemispheres and a decrease in the power of one sensorimotor component recorded over the affected hemisphere. To obtain robust, repeatable individual measures of EEG components suitable for longitudinal study, we used irregular-resampling autospectral analysis to separate fractal and oscillatory components in the EEG power spectrum and three-way parallel factor analysis to isolate oscillatory EEG components and track their activations over time. The rhythms were identified over individual days of MT training and were clearly related to the periods of event-related desynchronization and synchronization (rest, observe, and move) during MT. Our results are consistent with a model in which MT promotes recovery of motor function by altering neural activity associated with voluntary movement. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide novel evidence that mirror therapy (MT), which helps in the recovery of motor function after a stroke, is also associated with long-lasting changes in brain electrical activity. Using precise measurements of oscillatory EEG components over a 9-mo period in a victim of ischemic stroke, we showed that MT produced long-term increases in the mu rhythm recorded over both hemispheres and a decrease in a sensorimotor EEG component recorded over the affected hemisphere.
我们提供了直接的电生理学证据，表明镜像治疗（MT）可以改变大脑活动，帮助中风后运动功能的恢复。在这项纵向单病例研究中，受试者是一名 58 岁男性，因缺血性中风导致右侧偏瘫。在 9 个月的时间里，我们每周对他进行两次 MT 治疗，并在每次治疗前后测量脑电图（EEG）。使用先进的信号处理方法，我们确定了五个不同的与运动相关的振荡 EEG 成分：一个慢成分指定为 mu 节律，四个更快的成分指定为感觉运动节律。结果表明，MT 产生了长期的两个振荡 EEG 成分的变化，包括 mu 节律，这是一个在 7.5-12 Hz 频率范围内与自愿运动有很好相关性的节律。具体来说，MT 与记录在两个半球上的 mu 节律的功率增加以及记录在受影响半球上的一个感觉运动成分的功率降低显著相关。为了获得适合纵向研究的 EEG 成分的稳健、可重复的个体测量值，我们使用不规则重采样自谱分析来分离 EEG 功率谱中的分形和振荡成分，以及三向平行因子分析来分离振荡 EEG 成分并跟踪它们随时间的激活。这些节律是在 MT 训练的个别日子里确定的，并且与 MT 期间的事件相关去同步和同步（休息、观察和运动）期间的时间段明显相关。我们的结果与一种模型一致，即 MT 通过改变与自愿运动相关的神经活动来促进运动功能的恢复。新的和值得注意的是，我们提供了新的证据，表明镜像治疗（MT）有助于中风后运动功能的恢复，也与大脑电活动的长期变化有关。通过对一名缺血性中风患者在 9 个月期间的振荡 EEG 成分进行精确测量，我们发现 MT 导致记录在两个半球上的 mu 节律长期增加，而记录在受影响半球上的一个感觉运动 EEG 成分减少。
