Gannon M C, Nuttall F Q, Neil B J, Westphal S A
Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, V.A. Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.
Metabolism. 1988 Nov;37(11):1081-8. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(88)90072-8.
We previously have shown that ingested beef protein is just as potent as glucose in stimulating a rise in insulin concentration in type II diabetic patients. A synergistic effect was seen when given with glucose. Therefore, we considered it important to determine if other common dietary proteins also strongly stimulate an increase in insulin concentration when given with glucose. Seventeen type II (non-insulin-dependent) untreated diabetic subjects were given single breakfast meals consisting of 50 g glucose, or 50 g glucose plus 25 g protein in the form of lean beef, turkey, gelatin, egg white, cottage cheese, fish, or soy. The peripheral plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, alpha amino nitrogen, urea nitrogen, free fatty acids, and triglycerides were measured. Following ingestion of the meals containing protein, the plasma insulin concentration was increased further and remained elevated longer compared with the meal containing glucose alone. The relative area under the insulin response curve was greatest following ingestion of the meal containing cottage cheese (360%) and was least with egg white (190%) compared with that following glucose alone (100%). The glucose response was diminished following ingestion of the meals containing protein with the exception of the egg white meals. The peripheral glucagon concentration was decreased following ingestion of glucose alone and increased following all the meals containing protein. The alpha amino nitrogen concentration varied considerably. It was decreased after glucose alone, was unchanged after egg white ingestion, and was greatest after ingestion of gelatin. The free fatty acid concentration decrease was 4- to 8-fold greater after the ingestion of protein with glucose compared with ingestion of glucose alone.
我们之前已经表明，摄入的牛肉蛋白在刺激II型糖尿病患者胰岛素浓度升高方面与葡萄糖一样有效。与葡萄糖一起给予时会产生协同作用。因此，我们认为确定其他常见膳食蛋白与葡萄糖一起给予时是否也能强烈刺激胰岛素浓度升高很重要。17名未经治疗的II型（非胰岛素依赖型）糖尿病受试者分别食用了由50克葡萄糖或50克葡萄糖加25克蛋白质（以瘦牛肉、火鸡、明胶、蛋清、农家干酪、鱼或大豆的形式）组成的单一早餐。测量了外周血浆中葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素、α-氨基氮、尿素氮、游离脂肪酸和甘油三酯的浓度。与仅含葡萄糖的餐食相比，摄入含蛋白质的餐食后，血浆胰岛素浓度进一步升高且维持升高的时间更长。与仅摄入葡萄糖（100%）相比，摄入含农家干酪的餐食后胰岛素反应曲线下的相对面积最大（360%），而摄入蛋清后的相对面积最小（190%）。除了蛋清餐食外，摄入含蛋白质的餐食后葡萄糖反应减弱。单独摄入葡萄糖后外周胰高血糖素浓度降低，而摄入所有含蛋白质的餐食后外周胰高血糖素浓度升高。α-氨基氮浓度变化很大。单独摄入葡萄糖后降低，摄入蛋清后不变，摄入明胶后最高。与单独摄入葡萄糖相比，摄入蛋白质与葡萄糖后的游离脂肪酸浓度下降幅度大4至8倍。
