Management of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Conjunctiva.

PURPOSE

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia includes a spectrum of diseases from dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the conjunctiva. Whether the degree of invasion influences outcomes is debated. We evaluated the outcomes and management of conjunctival carcinomas defined as ≤0.2 mm invasion of the chorion (microinvasive; miSCC) or over (SCC).

DESIGN

Retrospective case series.

METHODS

Clinical, tumor, and therapeutic characteristics and outcomes were collected for consecutive patients with histology-proven invasive conjunctival miSCC/SCC treated between 2002 and 2017.

RESULTS

Patients were 70% men, ≥70 years old (56%), with carcinomas of the bulbar conjunctiva (83.0%). Limbal, corneal, and/or scleral involvement were present in 70.4%, 42.6%, and 27.8%, respectively. Patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, and no-touch surgery rates were similar between the 39 SCC and 15 miSCC. However, mitomycin was performed in 93.3% and 20.5% of miSCC and SCC, respectively (P < .001). Proton therapy was performed in 0% and 92.0% of miSCC and SCC, respectively (P < .001). SCC received mitomycin in case of tumoral resection margins, respectively (P = .018). The 24-month incidence of local relapse was 14.8%, including 20% and 12% for miSCC and SCC, respectively (P = .079). Irradiation was the only prognostic factor associated with a lower risk for local relapse (hazard ratio [0.25]; P = .045). There were 2 cancer-related deaths (2%). Mild/moderate anterior segment complications occurred in one third of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

miSCC had slightly worse relapse rates compared with SCC. Postoperative proton therapy, performed in SCC only, was associated with a lower risk for relapse.