Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Mar;246:237-248. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.014. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Over the past decades, there has been growing scientific attention and public concern towards perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), due to their widespread presence in the environment and associations with adverse effects on various organisms. Bird eggs have often been used as less-invasive biomonitoring tools for toxicological risk assessments of persistent organic pollutants, including some PFAAs. Hereby, it is typically assumed that one random egg is representative for the PFAA concentrations of the whole clutch. However, variation of PFAA concentrations within clutches due to laying sequence influences can have important implications for the egg collection strategy and may impede interpretations of the quantified concentrations. Therefore, the main objective of this paper was to study variation patterns and possible laying sequence associations with PFAA concentrations in eggs of the great tit (Parus major). Eight whole clutches (4-8 eggs) were collected at a location in the Antwerp region, situated about 11 km from a known PFAA point source. The ∑ PFAA concentrations ranged from 8.9 to 75.1 ng g ww. PFOS concentrations ranged from 6.7 to 55.1 ng g ww and this compound was the dominant contributor to the total PFAA profile (74%), followed by PFDoA (7%), PFOA (7%), PFDA (5%), PFTrA (4%) and PFNA (3%). The within-clutch variation (70.7%) of the ∑ PFAA concentrations was much larger than the among-clutch variation (29.3%) and concentrations decreased significantly for some PFAA compounds throughout the laying sequence. Nevertheless, PFAA concentrations were positively and significantly correlated between some egg pairs within the same clutch, especially between egg 1 and egg 3. For future PFAA biomonitoring studies, we recommend to consistently collect the same egg along the laying sequence, preferably the first or third egg if maximizing egg exposure metrics is the main objective.
在过去几十年中，由于全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）广泛存在于环境中，并与各种生物体的不良影响有关，因此引起了科学界的广泛关注和公众的关注。鸟类的卵经常被用作持久性有机污染物毒理学风险评估的非侵入性生物监测工具，包括一些 PFAAs。通常认为，一个随机的卵可以代表整个卵群的 PFAAs 浓度。然而，由于产卵顺序的影响，卵群内的 PFAAs 浓度变化可能对卵收集策略有重要影响，并可能阻碍对量化浓度的解释。因此，本文的主要目的是研究在安特卫普地区一个地点收集的大蓝山雀（Parus major）卵中 PFAAs 浓度的变化模式和可能的产卵顺序关联。在一个已知的 PFAAs 点源约 11 公里处的一个位置收集了 8 个完整的卵群（4-8 个卵）。∑PFAAs 浓度范围为 8.9 至 75.1ng gww。PFOS 浓度范围为 6.7 至 55.1ng gww，该化合物是总 PFAAs 谱的主要贡献者（74%），其次是 PFDoA（7%）、PFOA（7%）、PFDA（5%）、PFTrA（4%）和 PFNA（3%）。∑PFAAs 浓度的卵内变异性（70.7%）远大于卵间变异性（29.3%），并且随着产卵顺序的进行，一些 PFAAs 化合物的浓度显著降低。然而，在同一卵群中的一些卵对之间，PFAAs 浓度呈正相关且显著相关，特别是在第一和第三个卵之间。在未来的 PFAAs 生物监测研究中，我们建议沿着产卵顺序始终收集相同的卵，如果最大限度地提高卵暴露指标是主要目标，则最好是第一个或第三个卵。
