Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
Front Immunol. 2018 Dec 3;9:2730. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730. eCollection 2018.
Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8 T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4 T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4 T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity.
脂肪组织是人体最大的器官之一，具有多种功能，包括能量储存和释放、食欲调节和其他神经内分泌信号转导、免疫调节等。脂肪细胞存在于一个复杂的隔室中，抗原、抗原呈递细胞、固有免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞在局部相互作用，并对炎症、循环免疫细胞谱和代谢稳态产生全身影响。T 淋巴细胞是脂肪组织微环境的主要组成部分，在肥胖和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染等疾病状态下发生改变。虽然肥胖、HIV 感染和猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV；一种类似于 HIV 的非人类灵长类动物病毒）感染伴随着脂肪组织中 CD8 T 细胞的富集，但 CD4 T 细胞和其他免疫细胞群体的主要表型差异将 HIV/SIV 感染与肥胖区分开来。此外，HIV 和 SIV 的 DNA 和 RNA 物种可以在内脏和皮下脂肪组织的基质血管部分检测到，并且复制型 HIV 存在于局部 CD4 T 细胞中。在这里，我们回顾了 HIV 和 SIV 中脂肪组织 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞群体的研究，并将这些发现与肥胖症报告的结果进行了对比。
