Research Center of Sports and Health Science, School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
Arch Osteoporos. 2018 Dec 17;14(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s11657-018-0545-2.
Muscle strength and function declined more than the concomitant loss of muscle mass. Measures of muscle strength and function are an effective way to assess functional ability and physical health in older people. A healthy lifestyle such as physical exercise, good nutrition, and higher BMI can benefit older people.
The study investigated the characteristics of aging-related differences in appendicular lean mass (ALM/Ht), handgrip strength (HGS), usual gait speed (UGS), repeated chair stands (RCS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and their associated factors in 6703 rural residents.
We assessed their anthropometry, body composition, muscle strength and function, bone mineral density, blood pressure, and blood biochemical indices via clinical examination or laboratory tests and investigated demographic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history, physical activity, and dietary intake via questionnaire. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors of low muscle mass, weak muscle strength, reduced physical performance, and sarcopenia.
The mean values of muscle strength and function decreased more rapidly with age than the mean values of muscle mass, especially in females. The prevalence of low ALM/Ht, weak HGS, slow UGS, long RCS, long TUG, and sarcopenia increased (P < 0.01). Higher body mass index (BMI) and daytime sleep were associated with high ALM/Ht. Comorbidity factors such as hypertension, bone mineral density loss, central adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and tumors were associated with the risk of weak muscle strength and reduced physical performance, while physical activity and better nutrition were associated with better muscle strength and physical performance.
At the higher decades of life, the decline of muscle strength and function is greater than the loss in muscle mass. Measures of muscle strength and function are an effective way to assess functional ability and physical health in older people. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by means such as physical exercise, good nutrition, and higher BMI throughout the course of life may be benefit older people by improving their muscle mass, strength, and function.
研究调查了 6703 名农村居民四肢瘦体质（ALM/Ht）、握力（HGS）、日常步态速度（UGS）、反复坐站（RCS）、计时起立行走（TUG）测试与年龄相关的差异特征及其相关因素。
通过临床检查或实验室测试评估他们的人体测量、身体成分、肌肉力量和功能、骨矿物质密度、血压和血液生化指标，并通过问卷调查调查他们的人口统计学特征、生活方式、病史、身体活动和饮食摄入。逐步逻辑回归用于确定低肌肉质量、弱肌肉力量、降低的身体机能和肌肉减少症的相关因素。
肌肉力量和功能的平均值随年龄的增长而迅速下降，比肌肉质量的平均值下降得更快，尤其是女性。低 ALM/Ht、弱 HGS、慢 UGS、长 RCS、长 TUG 和肌肉减少症的患病率增加（P<0.01）。较高的体重指数（BMI）和日间睡眠与高 ALM/Ht 相关。合并症因素，如高血压、骨矿物质密度损失、中心性肥胖、代谢综合征和肿瘤与弱肌肉力量和降低的身体机能相关，而身体活动和更好的营养与更好的肌肉力量和身体机能相关。
在生命的较高十年中，肌肉力量和功能的下降大于肌肉质量的损失。肌肉力量和功能的测量是评估老年人功能能力和身体健康的有效方法。通过锻炼、良好的营养和较高的 BMI 等方式保持健康的生活方式，可能会通过改善肌肉质量、力量和功能，使老年人受益。
