Bode Lars
Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (LRF MOMI CORE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2018 Dec 4;6:385. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00385. eCollection 2018.
Preterm infants who receive human milk instead of formula are 6- to 10-times less likely to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), one of the most common and devastating intestinal disorders that affects 5-10% of all very-low-birth-weight infants. Combined data from tissue culture models, preclinical studies in animal models, as well human mother-infant cohort studies support the hypothesis that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), complex sugars that are highly abundant in human milk but not in infant formula, contribute to the beneficial effects of human milk feeding in reducing NEC. The almost 20-year long journey of testing this hypothesis took an interesting turn during HMO efficacy testing and structure elucidation, suggesting that the original hypothesis may indeed be correct and specific HMO reduce NEC risk, however, the underlying mechanisms are likely different than originally postulated.
与食用配方奶的早产儿相比，食用母乳的早产儿患坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的可能性要低6至10倍。坏死性小肠结肠炎是最常见且极具破坏性的肠道疾病之一，影响着5%至10%的极低体重儿。来自组织培养模型、动物模型的临床前研究以及人类母婴队列研究的综合数据支持了这样一种假说：母乳中富含但婴儿配方奶中没有的复合糖——母乳低聚糖（HMOs），有助于母乳喂养在降低坏死性小肠结肠炎方面产生有益效果。在对这一假说进行验证的近20年漫长历程中，在母乳低聚糖功效测试和结构解析过程中出现了有趣的转折，这表明最初的假说可能确实正确，特定的母乳低聚糖可降低坏死性小肠结肠炎风险，然而，其潜在机制可能与最初的假设不同。
