Shin Eui-Cheol, Shurson Gerald C, Gallaher Daniel D
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Anim Nutr. 2018 Dec;4(4):435-441. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of DDGS and how it is influenced by production parameters is unknown. Therefore, 16 DDGS samples obtained from different ethanol production plants in the U.S. were characterized for antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, xanthophylls, and ferulic acid content and compared with corn. The antioxidant capacity of DDGS samples, measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, varied almost 2 folds among samples, but in all cases was more than 3 times that of corn. All DDGS samples had a considerably greater concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols (lipid-soluble antioxidants) than corn. However, the relative concentrations among the tocopherols and tocotrienols tended to be similar to corn. The xanthophyll lutein was present in all DDGS samples and in all cases exceeded the content in corn. Zeaxanthin was detected in most samples. The total ferulic acid content of the DDGS samples was almost 3-fold greater than corn, but, as in corn, almost all was present in a bound form. However, the concentration of unbound (free) ferulic acid was more than 3 times the concentration found in the corn sample. Thus, DDGS is a rich source of phytochemical compounds and may provide antioxidant and health benefits beyond its macronutrient composition. However, differences in processing can greatly influence the phytochemical content and quality of DDGS. In particular, thermal abuse due to excessive heat used in drying may lead to lipid oxidation products that may have deleterious effects when incorporated into feeds.
玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）是燃料乙醇行业的一种副产品，是能量、可消化氨基酸和可消化磷的优质来源。然而，DDGS的抗氧化能力和植物化学物质含量以及其如何受生产参数影响尚不清楚。因此，对从美国不同乙醇生产厂获得的16个DDGS样品进行了抗氧化能力、维生素E、叶黄素和阿魏酸含量的表征，并与玉米进行了比较。使用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）法测定的DDGS样品的抗氧化能力在样品间相差近2倍，但在所有情况下均是玉米的3倍以上。所有DDGS样品中生育酚和生育三烯酚（脂溶性抗氧化剂）的浓度均显著高于玉米。然而，生育酚和生育三烯酚之间的相对浓度往往与玉米相似。所有DDGS样品中均含有叶黄素，且在所有情况下均超过玉米中的含量。大多数样品中检测到了玉米黄质。DDGS样品中阿魏酸的总含量几乎是玉米的3倍，但与玉米一样，几乎所有阿魏酸都以结合形式存在。然而，未结合（游离）阿魏酸的浓度是玉米样品中浓度的3倍以上。因此，DDGS是植物化学化合物的丰富来源，除了其常量营养素组成外，还可能提供抗氧化和健康益处。然而，加工过程中的差异会极大地影响DDGS的植物化学物质含量和质量。特别是，干燥过程中使用的过热导致的热滥用可能会产生脂质氧化产物，当将其添加到饲料中时可能会产生有害影响。
