Dahmer Payton L, McDonald Faith B, Chun Colin K Y, Zumbaugh Charles A, Jones Cassandra K, Crane Alison R, Kott Tamra, Lattimer James M, Chao Michael D
Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2022 May 9;6(2):txac060. doi: 10.1093/tas/txac060. eCollection 2022 Apr.
A total of 72 male Boer goat kids (21.7 ± 0.5 kg) were fed for 21 d with 3 kids per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were: 0% inclusion of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 0% DDGS) or 33% DDGS inclusion (33% DDGS) and were provided ad libitum. Goats and feeders were weighed weekly to collect body weights (BW) and determine feed disappearance in order to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (G:F). At the conclusion of the feeding study, a subset ( = 30; 2-3 goats from each pen representing six6 pens per treatment) of goats were harvested, carcasses evaluated, and loins were fabricated into 2.54 cm chops. Goat chop discoloration was evaluated by trained panelists and measured for *, *, and * values on days 0, 4, 7, and 10 under retail display conditions. Samples were collected and analyzed for lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity. No evidence of differences was observed for final BW, ADFI, G:F, and carcass characteristics ( > 0.05). However, goats fed the 0% DDGS diet had greater ADG compared with those fed a diet containing 33% DDGS ( = 0.05). Overall, visual evaluation of discoloration, *, *, and * as well as lipid oxidation data confirmed that feeding 33% DDGS to goats had no effect on goat chop discoloration and lipid oxidation ( > 0.10). However, all chops demonstrated a display effect, which they increased in visual discoloration and lipid oxidation and decreased in * and * values ( < 0.01) over the entirety of the 10-d period of retail display, regardless of the dietary treatments. As expected, feeding 33% DDGS to goats decreased relative percentage of multiple and total monounsaturated fatty acids, but increased relative percentage of multiple and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity measurements showed no treatment difference in the hydrophilic portion ( > 0.10), but chops from the 33% DDGS treatment had greater lipophilic antioxidant activity compared with the 0% DDGS chops ( < 0.05). In conclusion, including 33% DDGS to the diet may negatively impact goat growth performance, but did not impact any carcass characteristics. Feeding a diet with 33% DDGS resulted in an increase in the PUFA content of goat chops but did not appear to impact meat color or lipid oxidation. The supposed negative consequence from increased PUFA is likely counterbalanced by the increased antioxidant capacity in the lipid component of meat, resulting in no difference in meat shelf-life.
总共72只雄性波尔山羊羔羊（体重21.7±0.5千克），每栏3只羔羊，每种处理12栏，饲养21天。日粮处理方式为：不添加干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS；0% DDGS）或添加33% DDGS（33% DDGS），自由采食。每周对山羊和采食槽称重，以记录体重（BW）并确定饲料消耗量，从而计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和饲料效率（G:F）。饲养研究结束时，选取一部分山羊（n = 30；每个栏舍2 - 3只山羊，每种处理6个栏舍）进行屠宰，评估胴体，并将腰肉切成2.54厘米厚的肉块。由经过培训的评审员对山羊肉块变色情况进行评估，并在零售展示条件下，于第0、4、7和10天测量其L*、a和b值。采集样本并分析其脂质氧化、脂肪酸组成以及亲水性和亲脂性抗氧化能力。最终体重、ADFI、G:F和胴体特征方面未观察到差异（P>0.05）。然而，饲喂0% DDGS日粮的山羊与饲喂含33% DDGS日粮的山羊相比，ADG更高（P = 0.05）。总体而言，对变色情况、L*、a和b值以及脂质氧化数据的视觉评估证实，给山羊饲喂33% DDGS对山羊肉块变色和脂质氧化没有影响（P>0.10）。然而，在零售展示的整个10天期间，无论日粮处理如何，所有肉块都表现出展示效应，即视觉变色和脂质氧化增加，L和a值降低（P<0.01）。正如预期的那样，给山羊饲喂33% DDGS会降低多不饱和脂肪酸和总单不饱和脂肪酸的相对百分比，但会增加多不饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的相对百分比（P<0.05）。抗氧化能力测量结果表明，亲水性部分没有处理差异（P>0.10），但33% DDGS处理组的肉块比0% DDGS处理组的肉块具有更高的亲脂性抗氧化活性（P<0.05）。总之，日粮中添加33% DDGS可能会对山羊生长性能产生负面影响，但不会影响任何胴体特征。饲喂含33% DDGS的日粮会使山羊肉块中PUFA含量增加，但似乎不会影响肉的颜色或脂质氧化。PUFA增加带来的假定负面影响可能被肉中脂质成分抗氧化能力的提高所抵消，从而使肉的货架期没有差异。
