Ayala Ricardo A, Thulin Markus, Núñez E Rocío
Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Korte Meer 3-5, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Department of Iberian and Latin-American History, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
Nurs Hist Rev. 2019 Jan;27(1):57-86. doi: 10.1891/1062-8061.27.57.
In South America, the 1970s began with ardent sociopolitical crises leading to a wave of repressive military regimes. In Chile, most professional bodies suffered profound structural and functional modifications resulting from internal political polarization as well as state intervention. Nurses saw the same fate befall them, which created both a historical blackout and abrupt changes in power dynamics. Given the prominence of this process in the reconfiguration of modern nursing's identity, this article traces the association's political process during the short-lived 1970s Marxist-inspired government and the response of nurses collectively to the rapid shift into a repressive regime leading to a profound internal crisis and an identity break-up within nursing. By using archival sources and oral testimonies of 1970s and 1980s nurses, we reconstruct a historical account of a key period in the history of the country that for the nurses meant a progression of discord and division along with a self-imposed silence on the past. In so doing, the article adds to a growing literature on the participation of women in political life.
在南美洲，20世纪70年代始于激烈的社会政治危机，引发了一波镇压性军事政权浪潮。在智利，由于内部政治两极分化以及国家干预，大多数专业团体都经历了深刻的结构和功能变革。护士们也遭遇了同样的命运，这导致了一段历史空白以及权力动态的突然变化。鉴于这一过程在现代护理身份重构中的突出地位，本文追溯了该协会在短暂的20世纪70年代受马克思主义启发的政府时期的政治历程，以及护士们集体对迅速转变为镇压性政权的反应，这一转变导致了深刻的内部危机和护理行业内部的身份分裂。通过使用20世纪70年代和80年代护士的档案资料和口述证词，我们重构了该国历史上一个关键时期的历史记录，对护士们来说，这意味着不和与分裂的加剧，以及对过去的自我沉默。这样做，本文为关于女性参与政治生活的日益增多的文献增添了内容。
