Dunford Elizabeth K, Ng Shu Wen, Taillie Lindsey Smith
Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun;23(6):768-776. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-02693-1.
Objectives Food marketing to children is pervasive and linked to increased preference and intake of unhealthy foods. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the only multi-country nutrient criteria, and Chile recently released the world's most comprehensive regulation to identify foods that should not be marketed to children. Our objective was to examine the proportion of US packaged food and beverage products eligible for marketing to children under the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) and the 2019 Chilean regulation. Methods Data for this study are from Label Insight's 2017 Open Access branded food database. Each product was assigned to one of 13 food categories, and nutritional content compared to both the NPM and Chilean criteria. The proportion of US products meeting criteria for marketing to children using both schemes was examined overall and by category. Agreement between the two criteria was examined using Cohen's Kappa. Results Of 17,740 US products, 21% were eligible to be marketed to children using the WHO criteria and 26% using the Chilean criteria. 'Egg and egg products' and 'Seafood' had the highest proportion of products eligible for marketing to children under both schemes. 'Confectionery' and 'Snack foods' had the lowest proportion eligible. Conclusions for practice The WHO NPM and Chilean criteria both restrict less healthy items from being marketed to children. Regulatory agencies in the US developing policies should consider the implementation of nutrient criteria to restrict the marketing of less healthy foods and beverages to children and adolescents.
目标 针对儿童的食品营销无处不在，且与儿童对不健康食品的偏好增加及摄入量增多有关。世界卫生组织（WHO）制定了唯一的多国营养标准，智利最近发布了世界上最全面的法规，以确定不应向儿童营销的食品。我们的目标是研究在美国，符合世界卫生组织欧洲营养成分模型（NPM）和2019年智利法规规定、有资格向儿童进行营销的包装食品和饮料产品的比例。方法 本研究的数据来自Label Insight公司2017年的开放获取品牌食品数据库。每种产品被归入13个食品类别之一，并将其营养成分与NPM和智利的标准进行比较。总体及按类别研究了符合两种标准、有资格向儿童营销的美国产品的比例。使用科恩卡帕系数检验了两种标准之间的一致性。结果 在17740种美国产品中，21%的产品符合WHO标准有资格向儿童营销，26%的产品符合智利标准有资格向儿童营销。“蛋类及蛋制品”和“海鲜”在两种标准下有资格向儿童营销的产品比例最高。“糖果”和“休闲食品”有资格向儿童营销的产品比例最低。实践结论 WHO的NPM和智利的标准都限制了向儿童营销较不健康的食品。美国制定政策的监管机构应考虑实施营养标准，以限制向儿童和青少年营销较不健康的食品和饮料。
