Galbraith-Emami S, Lobstein T
Public Health Policy Consultant, London, UK.
Obes Rev. 2013 Dec;14(12):960-74. doi: 10.1111/obr.12060. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
In response to increasing evidence that advertising of foods and beverages affects children's food choices and food intake, several national governments and many of the world's larger food and beverage manufacturers have acted to restrict the marketing of their products to children or to advertise only 'better for you' products or 'healthier dietary choices' to children. Independent assessment of the impact of these pledges has been difficult due to the different criteria being used in regulatory and self-regulatory regimes. In this paper, we undertook a systematic review to examine the data available on levels of exposure of children to the advertising of less healthy foods since the introduction of the statutory and voluntary codes. The results indicate a sharp division in the evidence, with scientific, peer-reviewed papers showing that high levels of such advertising of less healthy foods continue to be found in several different countries worldwide. In contrast, the evidence provided in industry-sponsored reports indicates a remarkably high adherence to voluntary codes. We conclude that adherence to voluntary codes may not sufficiently reduce the advertising of foods which undermine healthy diets, or reduce children's exposure to this advertising.
鉴于越来越多的证据表明食品和饮料广告会影响儿童的食物选择和食物摄入量，一些国家政府以及许多全球较大的食品和饮料制造商已采取行动，限制向儿童推销其产品，或仅向儿童宣传“更有益健康”的产品或“更健康的饮食选择”。由于监管和自我监管制度所采用的标准不同，对这些承诺的影响进行独立评估一直很困难。在本文中，我们进行了一项系统综述，以研究自法定和自愿性准则出台以来，有关儿童接触不健康食品广告程度的现有数据。结果表明证据存在明显分歧，经过同行评审的科学论文显示，在全球几个不同国家，仍能发现大量此类不健康食品广告。相比之下，行业赞助报告提供的证据表明对自愿性准则的遵守程度非常高。我们得出结论，遵守自愿性准则可能无法充分减少有损健康饮食的食品广告，也无法减少儿童接触此类广告的机会。
