Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Psychol Med. 2019 Dec;49(16):2717-2726. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718003677. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Our aim was to investigate patterns of change in public knowledge, attitudes, desire for social distance and reporting having contact with people with mental health problems in England during the Time to Change (TTC) programme to reduce stigma and discrimination 2009-2017.
Using data from an annual face-to-face survey of a nationally representative quota sample of adults, we evaluated longitudinal trends of the outcome measures with regression analyses and made assumptions on the basis of a simple random sample. We tested interactions between year and demographic subgroups.
There were improvements in all outcomes in 2017 compared with baseline measures (2008 or 2009). Reported in s.d. units [95% confidence interval (CI)], the improvement for knowledge was 0.17 (0.10-0.23); for attitudes 0.25 (0.18-0.31); and for social distance 0.29 (0.23-0.35). A higher likelihood of reporting contact was also associated with most recent survey year (odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.27-1.71). Statistically significant interactions between year and region of England suggest greatest improvements in attitudes and intended behaviour in London, where both outcomes were significantly worse in the early years of the survey. However, for attitudes, this interaction was only significant among women. Other significant interactions suggest that attitudes improved most in the target age group (25-44).
The results provide support for the effectiveness of TTC across demographic groups. However, other societal changes may influence the results, such as the increasing prevalence of common mental disorder in young women.
我们的目的是调查 2009-2017 年英国“改变时间”（Time to Change）计划减少污名和歧视期间，公众知识、态度、对社会距离的渴望和报告与心理健康问题者接触的变化模式。
利用一项针对全国代表性配额成年人的年度面对面调查数据，我们通过回归分析评估了这些结果指标的纵向趋势，并基于简单随机抽样进行了假设。我们测试了年份和人口统计学亚组之间的交互作用。
与基线测量（2008 年或 2009 年）相比，2017 年所有结果均有所改善。以标准差单位[95%置信区间（CI）]表示，知识的改善为 0.17（0.10-0.23）；态度为 0.25（0.18-0.31）；社会距离为 0.29（0.23-0.35）。最近一次调查年份也与报告接触的可能性更高相关（比值比 1.47，95% CI 1.27-1.71）。年份与英格兰地区之间的交互作用具有统计学意义，表明在伦敦态度和预期行为的改善最大，在调查早期，这两个结果在伦敦都明显更差。然而，对于态度，这种相互作用仅在女性中显著。其他显著的相互作用表明，在目标年龄组（25-44 岁）中，态度改善最多。
这些结果为 TTC 在不同人群中的有效性提供了支持。然而，其他社会变化也可能影响结果，例如年轻女性中常见精神障碍的患病率增加。
