The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
J Pathol. 2019 Apr;247(5):672-685. doi: 10.1002/path.5221. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the often fatal sequelae of a broad range of precipitating conditions. Despite decades of intensive research and clinical trials there remain no therapies in routine clinical practice that target the dysregulated and overwhelming inflammatory response that characterises ARDS. Neutrophils play a central role in the initiation, propagation and resolution of this complex inflammatory environment by migrating into the lung and executing a variety of pro-inflammatory functions. These include degranulation with liberation of bactericidal proteins, release of cytokines and reactive oxygen species as well as production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Although these functions are advantageous in clearing bacterial infection, the consequence of associated tissue damage, the contribution to worsening acute inflammation and prolonged neutrophil lifespan at sites of inflammation are deleterious. In this review, the importance of the neutrophil will be considered, together with discussion of recent advances in understanding neutrophil function and the factors that influence them throughout the phases of inflammation in ARDS. From a better understanding of neutrophils in this context, potential therapeutic targets are identified and discussed. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是多种诱发因素导致的常见致命并发症。尽管经过几十年的深入研究和临床试验，ARDS 特征性的失调性、压倒性炎症反应仍然没有常规临床治疗方法。中性粒细胞通过迁移到肺部并执行多种促炎功能，在这种复杂的炎症环境的启动、传播和解决中发挥核心作用。这些功能包括脱颗粒，释放杀菌蛋白、细胞因子和活性氧，以及产生中性粒细胞胞外陷阱。尽管这些功能有利于清除细菌感染，但相关组织损伤、加重急性炎症和延长炎症部位中性粒细胞寿命的后果是有害的。在这篇综述中，将考虑中性粒细胞的重要性，并讨论在 ARDS 炎症各阶段理解中性粒细胞功能及其影响因素的最新进展。通过更好地了解这方面的中性粒细胞，可以确定并讨论潜在的治疗靶点。
