Slavin R G
Division of Allergy and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Mo.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988 Nov;82(5 Pt 2):950-6. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90038-3.
Sinusitis, an infection of the paranasal sinuses, has been linked to allergic rhinitis, asthma, and nasal polyps. Sinusitis is a common complication of allergic rhinitis, which can lead to inflammation of the sinus mucosa, obstruction of the sinus opening or ostium, and generally favorable conditions for bacterial growth. Sinusitis can trigger asthma. Stimulated nerves in an infected sinus may result in parasympathetic stimulation to the bronchial tree and in smooth muscle contraction. Sinusitis may be a cause of nasal polyps, which are common when sinusitis complicates allergic rhinitis and even more common in nonallergic rhinitis. Treatment of sinusitis strives to eliminate infection and promote drainage. Ampicillin or amoxicillin is the antibiotic of choice. All patients with sinusitis should be treated with antibiotic to encourage drainage. Fluids, expectorants, and decongestants, both oral and topical, should be used. As many as half of patients with sinusitis also have marked rhinitis (either allergic or nonallergic), nasal polyps, or swollen, edematous mucosa; these patients should also receive topical steroids, such as flunisolide. Flunisolide promotes drainage and aeration by decreasing inflammation, swelling, and the influx of white blood cells. Persistent sinusitis may need to be treated surgically.
鼻窦炎是鼻窦的一种感染，与过敏性鼻炎、哮喘和鼻息肉有关。鼻窦炎是过敏性鼻炎的常见并发症，可导致鼻窦黏膜炎症、鼻窦开口或窦口阻塞，以及有利于细菌生长的一般条件。鼻窦炎可引发哮喘。感染鼻窦中受刺激的神经可能导致对支气管树的副交感神经刺激和平滑肌收缩。鼻窦炎可能是鼻息肉的一个病因，当鼻窦炎并发过敏性鼻炎时鼻息肉很常见，在非过敏性鼻炎中更常见。鼻窦炎的治疗旨在消除感染并促进引流。氨苄西林或阿莫西林是首选抗生素。所有鼻窦炎患者都应使用抗生素以促进引流。应使用液体、祛痰剂以及口服和局部用减充血剂。多达一半的鼻窦炎患者还患有明显的鼻炎（过敏性或非过敏性）、鼻息肉或肿胀水肿的黏膜；这些患者还应接受局部类固醇治疗，如氟尼缩松。氟尼缩松通过减轻炎症、肿胀和白细胞流入来促进引流和通气。持续性鼻窦炎可能需要手术治疗。
