Glovsky M M
Huntington Memorial Hospital, Asthma and Allergy Center, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1998 Jan;4(1):54-8. doi: 10.1097/00063198-199801000-00011.
The upper airways--the nose, pharynx, and mouth--lead through the larynx and into the tracheobronchial tree of the lung (the lower airways). This cavernous void in the upper airways transports external air to the alveolar sacs, in the distal segments of the tracheobronchial tree. Oxygen is absorbed from the alveolar sacs and carbon dioxide is released. Yet, under adverse physiologic conditions such as allergic or nonallergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis, obstruction of the upper and lower airways occurs and leads to sneezing, rhinitis, and bronchospasm. The simultaneous occurrence of upper airways disease and asthma is addressed in this review.
上呼吸道——包括鼻、咽和口——经喉通向肺部的气管支气管树（下呼吸道）。上呼吸道的这个腔隙将外界空气输送到气管支气管树远端的肺泡囊。氧气从肺泡囊中被吸收，二氧化碳被释放。然而，在诸如过敏性或非过敏性鼻炎、鼻窦炎和支气管炎等不良生理状况下，上、下呼吸道会发生阻塞，进而导致打喷嚏、鼻炎和支气管痉挛。本综述探讨了上呼吸道疾病与哮喘同时发生的情况。
