Fathabadi Nasrin, Salehi Ali Akbar, Naddafi Kazem, Kardan Mohammad Reza, Yunesian Masud, Nodehi Ramin Nabizadeh, Deevband Mohammad Reza, Shooshtari Molood Gooniband
Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER) Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Radiation Protection Department, Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
J Environ Radioact. 2019 Mar;198:11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.016. Epub 2018 Dec 17.
Ramsar, in the north of Iran by the Caspian Sea, has been known for the highest natural radiation background on Earth due to the local geology and hydrogeology. The residents and visitors use the hot springs that distribute the natural radionuclides especially Ra and its decay products in the areas. Many studies have been undertaken to measure the absorbed dose rate in Ramsar's air, however, no survey has been done to assess public internal exposure from ingestion of natural radionuclides, such as, a broad survey for Ra was conducted in foodstuffs and drinking water. This study presents the results of public annual activity intake (Bq) and effective dose (μSv) from ingestion of Ra in foodstuffs and drinking water in Ramsar city. The total mean annual intake for adults was found to be 24.8 Bq. The annual average effective dose due to ingestion exposure to Ra was found to be 6.9 μSv for adults that were slightly more than the estimated global averages reported by UNSCEAR, 2000 (6.3 μSv). The contribution of drinking water and foodstuffs represent respectively about 30% and 70% of the total mean annual effective dose due to Ra. The highest effective dose from ingestion of Ra for adults was estimated to be 80.6 μSv y. Based on the results of this study, even with the largest Ra value in our survey, maximum annual effective dose due to consumption of foodstuffs and drinking water for children was 164.2 μ b Sv y.
拉姆萨尔位于伊朗北部里海沿岸，因其当地地质和水文地质条件，一直以地球上最高的天然辐射本底而闻名。当地居民和游客使用分布在该地区的温泉，这些温泉含有天然放射性核素，尤其是镭及其衰变产物。此前已经开展了许多研究来测量拉姆萨尔空气中的吸收剂量率，然而，尚未进行任何调查来评估公众因摄入天然放射性核素而产生的内照射情况，例如，对食品和饮用水中的镭进行全面调查。本研究展示了拉姆萨尔市公众通过摄入食品和饮用水中的镭而产生的年度活度摄入量（贝可）和有效剂量（微希沃特）的结果。发现成年人的年总平均摄入量为24.8贝可。成年人因摄入镭而产生的年平均有效剂量为6.9微希沃特，略高于联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会2000年报告的全球估计平均值（6.3微希沃特）。饮用水和食品的贡献分别约占因镭产生的年总平均有效剂量的30%和70%。成年人因摄入镭而产生的最高有效剂量估计为80.6微希沃特/年。基于本研究结果，即使在我们调查中镭的值最大的情况下，儿童因食用食品和饮用水而产生的最大年有效剂量为164.2微希沃特/年。
