Gooniband Shooshtari M, Deevband M R, Kardan M R, Fathabadi N, Salehi A A, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, Karimi M, Hosseini S S
Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicin, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2017 Sep 7;15:19. doi: 10.1186/s40201-017-0281-3. eCollection 2017.
Ramsar, a city of Iran located on the coast of the Caspian Sea, has been considered to be enormously important due to its high natural radioactivity levels. People living in High Level Natural Radiation Areas (HLNRAs) have been exposed by several sources, one of which could be foodstuff. However, many studies have been carried out to measure the environmental radioactivity in Ramsar, but no survey has been conducted in all stapled consumed foods yet. This study was dedicated to determine Ra activity concentration in the daily diets of Ramsar residents as a probable exposure.
Approximately 70 different market samples were collected during the four seasons based on the daily consumption patterns of residents which have the highest consumption and their availability in the seasons. All samples, after washing, drying and pretreatment, were analyzed for Ra radionuclide determination by α-spectrometry.
The mean radioactivity concentration of Ra ranged between 7 ± 1 mBq Kg wet weight in meat, and 318 ± 118 mBq Kg for tea dry leaves. The Ra activity concentrations in collected samples varied from below the minimum detectable activity up to 530 ± 30 mBq Kg. To compare the results with United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) reference values, the Ra activity concentrations concluded from the results appear to be higher in milk, chicken and eggs and less in grain products, vegetables, fruits and fish products. These results indicate that no significant Ra contamination is present in market foodstuffs and provide reference values for the foodstuffs in Ramsar.
Of the total daily dietary Ra exposure from market consuming foodstuffs for adults in Ramsar, the largest percentage was from wheat. The residents consuming wheat and manufacturing wheat products such as bread, pasta, porridge, crackers, biscuits, pancakes, pies, pastries, cakes, cookies, muffins, rolls, doughnuts, breakfast cereals and so on may receive an elevated dose in the diet. In conclusion, with regards to presence of Ra in foodstuffs it is necessary to monitor regularly the activity of Ra in foodstuffs including market and local foods.
伊朗城市拉姆萨尔位于里海沿岸，因其高天然放射性水平而被认为极为重要。生活在高天然辐射区（HLNRAs）的人们受到多种辐射源的照射，其中之一可能是食物。然而，已经开展了许多研究来测量拉姆萨尔的环境放射性，但尚未对所有主要消费食品进行调查。本研究致力于确定拉姆萨尔居民日常饮食中镭的活度浓度，作为一种可能的辐射暴露。
根据居民的日常消费模式，在四个季节收集了约70种不同的市场样本，这些样本是居民消费量最高且在相应季节可获取的。所有样本经过清洗、干燥和预处理后，通过α能谱法分析镭放射性核素的含量。
镭的平均放射性浓度范围为：肉类湿重中为7±1毫贝克勒尔/千克，茶叶干叶中为318±118毫贝克勒尔/千克。收集样本中的镭活度浓度从低于最低可检测活度到530±30毫贝克勒尔/千克不等。为了将结果与联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会（UNSCEAR）的参考值进行比较，结果得出的镭活度浓度在牛奶、鸡肉和鸡蛋中似乎较高，而在谷物产品、蔬菜、水果和鱼类产品中较低。这些结果表明市场食品中不存在明显的镭污染，并为拉姆萨尔的食品提供了参考值。
在拉姆萨尔，成年人通过市场消费食品摄入的每日膳食镭总暴露量中，最大比例来自小麦。食用小麦并制作面包、意大利面、粥、饼干、薄脆饼干、煎饼、派、糕点、蛋糕、曲奇、松饼、面包卷、甜甜圈、早餐谷物等小麦制品的居民，其饮食中可能会接受更高剂量的辐射。总之，鉴于食品中存在镭，有必要定期监测包括市场食品和当地食品在内的食品中镭的活度。
