Chernyak Elena
Hartwick College, Oneonta, New York
Violence Vict. 2018 Dec;33(6):1124-1147. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.33.6.1124.
Violence against women perpetrated by intimate partners (IPV) is a sufficiently serious social issue in the countries of the former Soviet Union to warrant focused attention and sociological research. In spite of recent advances in the understanding of the prevalence and detrimental consequences of IPV worldwide, little is known about IPV in transitional countries, where very few studies have been carried out. Investigating IPV against women in different societies and analyzing micro- and macro-level factors (i.e., social, economic, psychological, etc.) that contribute to IPV is important for social scientists in order to understand the nature of IPV and to combat it. The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of physical IPV in Tajikistan and discuss the risk factors for IPV in this country of the former Soviet Union. This research is based on the data from the Tajik Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2012. SPSS 21.0 and STATA 13 were used for statistical analysis, which involved a multistep process and included a series of statistical methods such as a univariate descriptive analysis of IPV predictor and outcome variables and a multilevel regression model for survey data to estimate the effect of individual- and community-level characteristics and to take into consideration the multilevel nature of IPV. The analyses rely upon binomial and ordered logistic regression models. The results of this study demonstrate that physical IPV is not a rare phenomenon in Tajikistan where 18% of women in this region have experienced IPV at some point of their lives, and the rate of lifetime occurrence of IPV is 17.5%. While women's older age and living in rural area are protective factors against IPV in Tajikistan, risk factors for physical IPV include higher number of children, household wealth, women's employment, partner's alcohol consumptions, witnessing IPV in women's family of origin, justification of IPV by women, and partner's controlling behavior. The current study provides evidence that a significant number of women are physically abused by their intimate partners in Tajikistan. In the context of the significant structural changes and the strengthening of patriarchal ideology resulted by the collapse if the Soviet Union, an examination of the risk factors of IPV in this region is well-timed and important for the understanding of gender relations and gender-based violence.
亲密伴侣对妇女实施的暴力行为（亲密伴侣暴力）在前苏联国家是一个十分严重的社会问题，值得重点关注和进行社会学研究。尽管近年来全球范围内对亲密伴侣暴力的普遍性和有害后果的认识有了进展，但对于转型国家的亲密伴侣暴力却知之甚少，因为在这些国家开展的相关研究极少。对不同社会中针对妇女的亲密伴侣暴力进行调查，并分析促成亲密伴侣暴力的微观和宏观层面因素（即社会、经济、心理等因素），对于社会科学家了解亲密伴侣暴力的本质并与之作斗争而言十分重要。本研究的目的是调查塔吉克斯坦身体暴力形式的亲密伴侣暴力的普遍性，并探讨这个前苏联国家亲密伴侣暴力的风险因素。本研究基于2012年进行的塔吉克斯坦人口与健康调查的数据。使用SPSS 21.0和STATA 13进行统计分析，这涉及一个多步骤过程，包括一系列统计方法，如对亲密伴侣暴力预测变量和结果变量进行单变量描述性分析，以及对调查数据使用多层次回归模型来估计个人和社区层面特征的影响，并考虑亲密伴侣暴力的多层次性质。分析依赖于二项式和有序逻辑回归模型。本研究结果表明，身体暴力形式的亲密伴侣暴力在塔吉克斯坦并非罕见现象，该地区18%的女性在生活中的某个时刻经历过亲密伴侣暴力，亲密伴侣暴力的终生发生率为17.5%。在塔吉克斯坦，女性年龄较大和生活在农村地区是预防亲密伴侣暴力的保护因素，而身体暴力形式的亲密伴侣暴力的风险因素包括子女数量较多、家庭财富、女性就业、伴侣饮酒、在女性原生家庭中目睹亲密伴侣暴力、女性对亲密伴侣暴力的正当化以及伴侣的控制行为。当前研究提供的证据表明，在塔吉克斯坦，大量女性遭受亲密伴侣的身体虐待。在苏联解体导致重大结构变化和父权意识形态强化的背景下，对该地区亲密伴侣暴力风险因素的研究时机恰当，对于理解性别关系和基于性别的暴力十分重要。
