Patterns of buprenorphine use and risk for re-arrest among highly vulnerable opioid-involved women released from jails in rural Appalachia.

Opioid use is common among correctional populations, yet few inmates receive treatment during incarceration or post-release, particularly in rural areas. This article examines associations of buprenorphine use, licit and illicit, health services use, and risk for re-arrest within 3 months of jail release among rural opioid-involved women. Women were randomly selected from three rural Appalachian jails. Those with moderate to severe opioid-involvement on the NM-ASSIST, and data on patterns of buprenorphine use ( = 188), were included in this analysis. Logistic regression analyses examined predictors of re-arrest within 3 months of release. Median age was 32, all were White. At follow-up, 39 (22.7%) had been rearrested; 9 (5.2%) reported receiving MAT, all with buprenorphine. Significant risk factors for re-arrest included: number of days high, injection use, number of illicit buprenorphine days, and withdrawal symptoms in the follow-up period. The sole protective factor was having a regular source of healthcare at follow-up. Rural opioid-involved women released from jail are highly vulnerable to re-arrest, and lack access to supportive care systems for substance treatment. Innovations to integrate MAT into reentry to improve access is recommended.